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一、JSP和Servlet的简单介绍
1、Servlet和JSP简介：
Java开发Web应用程序时用到的技术主要有两种，即Servlet和JSP，Servlet是在服务器端执行的Java程序，一个被称为Servlet容器的程序（其实就是服务器） 负责执行Java程序，而JSP(Java Server Page)则是一个页面， 由JSP容器负责执行.
2、Servlet和JSP的区别：
Servlet以Java程序为主， 输出HTML代码时需要使用out.println函数，也就是说Java中内嵌HTML； 而JSP则以HTML页面为主，需要写Java代码时则在页面中直接插入Java代码， 即HTML中内嵌Java.
3、MVC模型
MVC模型就是将数据、逻辑处理、用户界面分离的一种方法
1）、M(Model, 模型)：用于数据处理、逻辑处理
2）、V(View，视图)：用于显示用户界面
3）、C(Controller，控制器)：根据客户端的请求控制逻辑走向和画面
而在Java中，MVC这三个部分则分别对应于 JavaBeans、JSP和Servlet
1）、M = JavaBeans：用于传递数据，拥有与数据相关的逻辑处理
2）、V = JSP：从Model接收数据并生成HTML
3）、C = Servlet：接收HTTP请求并控制Model和View
4、jdbc连接，可参考文章：点击打开链接
二、代码演示，实现了book的添加删除和修改功能
1、环境的配置
myeclipse+tomcat+mysql
2、Book中bean类
-
package example.bean.book;
-
-
public
class Book {
-
// 编号
-
private
int id;
-
// 图书名称
-
private String name;
-
// 价格
-
private
double price;
-
// 数量
-
private
int bookCount;
-
// 作者
-
private String author;
-
-
public int getId() {
-
return id;
-
}
-
-
public void setId(int id) {
-
this.id = id;
-
}
-
-
public String getName() {
-
return name;
-
}
-
-
public void setName(String name) {
-
this.name = name;
-
}
-
-
public double getPrice() {
-
return price;
-
}
-
-
public void setPrice(double price) {
-
this.price = price;
-
}
-
-
public int getBookCount() {
-
return bookCount;
-
}
-
-
public void setBookCount(int bookCount) {
-
this.bookCount = bookCount;
-
}
-
-
public String getAuthor() {
-
return author;
-
}
-
-
public void setAuthor(String author) {
-
this.author = author;
-
}
-
-
}
1)、FindServlet.java
-
package example.servlet.book;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
import java.sql.DriverManager;
-
import java.sql.ResultSet;
-
import java.sql.Statement;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
import example.bean.book.Book;
-
-
/**
-
* Servlet implementation class FindServlet
-
*/
-
public
class FindServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
private
static
final
long serialVersionUID =
1L;
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
try {
-
// 加载数据库驱动，注册到驱动管理器
-
Class.forName(
"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
-
// 数据库连接字符串
-
String url =
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_book?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
-
// 数据库用户名
-
String username =
"root";
-
// 数据库密码
-
String password =
"";
-
// 创建Connection连接
-
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username,
-
password);
-
// 添加图书信息的SQL语句
-
String sql =
"select * from tb_books";
-
// 获取Statement
-
Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
-
-
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
-
-
List<Book> list =
new ArrayList<Book>();
-
while (resultSet.next()) {
-
-
Book book =
new Book();
-
book.setId(resultSet.getInt(
"id"));
-
book.setName(resultSet.getString(
"name"));
-
book.setPrice(resultSet.getDouble(
"price"));
-
book.setBookCount(resultSet.getInt(
"bookCount"));
-
book.setAuthor(resultSet.getString(
"author"));
-
list.add(book);
-
-
}
-
request.setAttribute(
"list", list);
-
resultSet.close();
-
statement.close();
-
conn.close();
-
-
}
catch (Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
-
request.getRequestDispatcher(
"book_list.jsp")
-
.forward(request, response);
-
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
-
doGet(request, response);
-
}
-
-
}
2)、UpdateServlet.java类
-
package example.servlet.book;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
import java.sql.DriverManager;
-
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
-
-
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
/**
-
* Servlet implementation class UpdateServlet
-
*/
-
public
class UpdateServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
private
static
final
long serialVersionUID =
1L;
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
int id = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter(
"id"));
-
int bookCount = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter(
"bookCount"));
-
try {
-
// 加载数据库驱动，注册到驱动管理器
-
Class.forName(
"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
-
// 数据库连接字符串
-
String url =
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_book";
-
// 数据库用户名
-
String username =
"root";
-
// 数据库密码
-
String password =
"";
-
// 创建Connection连接
-
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username,
-
password);
-
// 更新SQL语句
-
String sql =
"update tb_books set bookcount=? where id=?";
-
// 获取PreparedStatement
-
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
-
// 对SQL语句中的第一个参数赋值
-
ps.setInt(
1, bookCount);
-
// 对SQL语句中的第二个参数赋值
-
ps.setInt(
2, id);
-
// 执行更新操作
-
ps.executeUpdate();
-
// 关闭PreparedStatement
-
ps.close();
-
// 关闭Connection
-
conn.close();
-
}
catch (Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
// 重定向到FindServlet
-
response.sendRedirect(
"FindServlet");
-
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
-
doGet(request, response);
-
}
-
-
}
3）、DeleteServlet类
-
package example.servlet.book;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
-
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
import example.dao.book.BookJdbcDao;
-
import example.dao.book.ConnectionFactory;
-
-
/**
-
* Servlet implementation class DeleteServlet
-
*/
-
public
class DeleteServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
private
static
final
long serialVersionUID =
1L;
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
int id = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter(
"id"));
-
try {
-
// // 加载数据库驱动，注册到驱动管理器
-
// Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
-
// // 数据库连接字符串
-
// String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_book";
-
// // 数据库用户名
-
// String username = "root";
-
// // 数据库密码
-
// String password = "";
-
// // 创建Connection连接
-
// Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username,
-
// password);
-
// // 删除图书信息的SQL语句
-
// String sql = "delete from tb_books where id=?";
-
// // 获取PreparedStatement
-
// PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
-
// // 对SQL语句中的第一个占位符赋值
-
// ps.setInt(1, id);
-
// // 执行更新操作
-
// ps.executeUpdate();
-
// // 关闭PreparedStatement
-
// ps.close();
-
// // 关闭Connection
-
// conn.close();
-
BookJdbcDao bookDao=
new BookJdbcDao();
-
Connection conn=ConnectionFactory.getInstance().getConnection();
-
bookDao.delete(conn,id);
-
-
}
catch (Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
// 重定向到FindServlet
-
response.sendRedirect(
"FindServlet");
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
-
* response)
-
*/
-
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
-
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
doGet(request, response);
-
}
-
-
}
4、servlet访问url映射配置：
由于客户端是通过URL地址访问web服务器中的资源，所以Servlet程序若想被外界访问，必须把servlet程序映射到一个URL地址上，这个工作在web.xml文件中使用<servlet>元素和<servlet-mapping>元素完成，<servlet>元素用于注册Servlet，它包含有两个主要的子元素：<servlet-name>和<servlet-class>，分别用于设置Servlet的注册名称和Servlet的完整类名。 一个<servlet-mapping>元素用于映射一个已注册的Servlet的一个对外访问路径，它包含有两个子元素：<servlet-name>和<url-pattern>，分别用于指定Servlet的注册名称和Servlet的对外访问路径.另外：同一个Servlet可以被映射到多个URL上，即多个<servlet-mapping>元素的<servlet-name>子元素的设置值可以是同一个Servlet的注册名.
eg:上例中的web.xml
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
-
<display-name>JdbcConnection
</display-name>
-
<welcome-file-list>
-
<welcome-file>index.html
</welcome-file>
-
<welcome-file>index.htm
</welcome-file>
-
<welcome-file>index.jsp
</welcome-file>
-
<welcome-file>default.html
</welcome-file>
-
<welcome-file>default.htm
</welcome-file>
-
<welcome-file>default.jsp
</welcome-file>
-
</welcome-file-list>
-
<servlet>
-
<description>
</description>
-
<display-name>FindServlet
</display-name>
-
<servlet-name>FindServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<servlet-class>example.servlet.book.FindServlet
</servlet-class>
-
</servlet>
-
<servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet-name>FindServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<url-pattern>/FindServlet
</url-pattern>
-
</servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet>
-
<description>
</description>
-
<display-name>UpdateServlet
</display-name>
-
<servlet-name>UpdateServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<servlet-class>example.servlet.book.UpdateServlet
</servlet-class>
-
</servlet>
-
<servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet-name>UpdateServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<url-pattern>/UpdateServlet
</url-pattern>
-
</servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet>
-
<description>
</description>
-
<display-name>DeleteServlet
</display-name>
-
<servlet-name>DeleteServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<servlet-class>example.servlet.book.DeleteServlet
</servlet-class>
-
</servlet>
-
<servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet-name>DeleteServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<url-pattern>/DeleteServlet
</url-pattern>
-
</servlet-mapping>
-
</web-app>
5、jsp页面
1）、index.jsp web页面主界面
-
<%@page import="java.sql.SQLException"%>
-
<%@page import="java.sql.DriverManager"%>
-
<%@page import="java.sql.Connection"%>
-
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
-
pageEncoding=
"utf-8"%>
-
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-
<html>
-
<head>
-
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-
<title>添加图书信息
</title>
-
-
<script type="text/javascript">
-
function check(form) {
-
with (form) {
-
if (name.value ==
"") {
-
alert(
"图书名称不能为空");
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
if (price.value ==
"") {
-
alert(
"图书价格不能为空");
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
if (author.value ==
"") {
-
alert(
"作者不能为空");
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
}
-
}
-
</script>
-
-
</head>
-
-
-
<body>
-
-
<form action="addbook.jsp" method="post" onsubmit="check(this)">
-
<table align="center" width="450">
-
<tr>
-
<td align="center" colspan="2">
-
<h2>添加图书信息
</h2>
-
<hr>
-
</td>
-
</tr>
-
-
<tr>
-
<td align="right">图书名称：
</td>
-
<td>
<input type="text" name="name">
</td>
-
</tr>
-
-
<tr>
-
<td align="right">价 格：
</td>
-
<td>
<input type="text" name="price">
</td>
-
</tr>
-
-
<tr>
-
<td align="right">数 量：
</td>
-
<td>
<input type="text" name="bookCount" />
</td>
-
</tr>
-
-
<tr>
-
<td align="right">作 者：
</td>
-
<td>
<input type="text" name="author" />
</td>
-
</tr>
-
<tr>
-
<td align="center" colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="添 加">
-
</td>
-
</tr>
-
</table>
-
</form>
-
-
<h2 align="center">
-
<a href="FindServlet">查询图书信息
</a>
-
</h2>
-
-
</body>
-
</html>
2)、addbook.jsp 添加书籍成功或者失败后的显示页面
-
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
-
pageEncoding=
"utf-8"%>
-
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-
-
<%@page import="java.sql.Connection"%>
-
<%@page import="java.sql.DriverManager"%>
-
<%@page import="java.sql.PreparedStatement"%>
-
<html>
-
<head>
-
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-
<title>添加结果
</title>
-
</head>
-
<body>
-
<%
-
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
-
%>
-
<jsp:useBean id="book" class="example.bean.book.Book">
</jsp:useBean>
-
<jsp:setProperty property="*" name="book" />
-
<%
-
try {
-
// 加载数据库驱动，注册到驱动管理器
-
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
-
// 数据库连接字符串
-
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_book?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
-
// 数据库用户名
-
String username = "root";
-
// 数据库密码
-
String password = "";
-
// 创建Connection连接
-
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username,
-
password);
-
// 添加图书信息的SQL语句
-
String sql = "insert into tb_books(name,price,bookCount,author) values(?,?,?,?)";
-
// 获取PreparedStatement
-
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
-
// 对SQL语句中的第1个参数赋值
-
ps.setString(1, book.getName());
-
// 对SQL语句中的第2个参数赋值
-
ps.setDouble(2, book.getPrice());
-
// 对SQL语句中的第3个参数赋值
-
ps.setInt(3, book.getBookCount());
-
// 对SQL语句中的第4个参数赋值
-
ps.setString(4, book.getAuthor());
-
// 执行更新操作，返回所影响的行数
-
int row = ps.executeUpdate();
-
// 判断是否更新成功
-
if (row > 0) {
-
// 更新成输出信息
-
out.print("成功添加了 " + row + "条数据！");
-
}
-
// 关闭PreparedStatement，释放资源
-
ps.close();
-
// 关闭Connection，释放资源
-
conn.close();
-
} catch (Exception e) {
-
out.print("图书信息添加失败！");
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
%>
-
<br>
-
<a href="index.jsp">返回
</a>
-
</body>
-
</html>
3)、book_list.jsp 查找所有书籍信息的显示页面，以表格方式显示
-
<!--<%@page import="sun.awt.SunHints.Value"%>-->
-
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
-
pageEncoding=
"utf-8"%>
-
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-
-
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
-
<%@page import="example.bean.book.Book"%>
-
<html>
-
<head>
-
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-
<title>所有图书信息
</title>
-
<style type="text/css">
-
td {
-
font-size:
12px;
-
}
-
-
h2 {
-
margin:
0px
-
}
-
</style>
-
<script type="text/javascript">
-
function check(form) {
-
with (form) {
-
if (bookCount.value ==
"") {
-
alert(
"请输入更新数量！");
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (
isNaN(bookCount.value)) {
-
alert(
"格式错误！");
-
return
false;
-
}
-
return
true;
-
}
-
}
-
</script>
-
-
-
</head>
-
<body>
-
<table align="center" width="450" border="1" height="180"
-
bordercolor=
"white"
bgcolor=
"black"
cellpadding=
"1"
cellspacing=
"1">
-
<tr bgcolor="white">
-
<td align="center" colspan="7">
-
<h2>所有图书信息
</h2>
-
</td>
-
</tr>
-
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#e1ffc1">
-
<td>
<b>ID
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>图书名称
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>价格
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>数量
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>作者
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>修改
</b>
</td>
-
<td>
<b>删除
</b>
</td>
-
</tr>
-
<%
-
// 获取图书信息集合
-
List<
Book> list = (List
<Book>) request.getAttribute("list");
-
// 判断集合是否有效
-
if (list == null || list.size()
< 1) {
-
out.print("没有数据！");
-
} else {
-
// 遍历图书集合中的数据
-
for (Book book : list) {
-
%>
-
<tr align="center" bgcolor="white">
-
<td>
<%=book.getId()%>
</td>
-
<td>
<%=book.getName()%>
</td>
-
<td>
<%=book.getPrice()%>
</td>
-
<td>
<%=book.getBookCount()%>
</td>
-
<td>
<%=book.getAuthor()%>
</td>
-
<td >
-
<form style="align:center; background-color: gray" action="UpdateServlet" method="post"
-
onsubmit=
"return check(this);">
-
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<%=book.getId()%>">
<input
-
type=
"text"
name=
"bookCount"
size=
"3">
-
<input type="submit" value="修改数量">
-
</form>
-
</td>
-
<td>
-
<a href="DeleteServlet?id=<%=book.getId()%>">删除
</a>
-
</td>
-
-
-
</tr>
-
<%
-
}
-
}
-
%>
-
</table>
-
<h2 align="center">
-
<a href="index.jsp">返回添加图书信息页面
</a>
-
</h2>
-
-
</body>
-
</html>
6、jdbc简单的封装
1）、ConnectionFactory.java工厂类
-
package example.dao.book;
-
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
import java.sql.DriverManager;
-
import java.sql.SQLException;
-
-
public
class ConnectionFactory {
-
-
private String driverClassName =
"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
-
private String url =
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_book?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
-
private String userName =
"root";
-
private String password =
"";
-
-
private
static ConnectionFactory connectionFactory=
null;
-
-
private ConnectionFactory() {
-
-
try {
-
Class.forName(driverClassName);
-
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
-
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException
-
{
-
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);
-
-
}
-
-
public static ConnectionFactory getInstance()
-
{
-
if (
null==connectionFactory) {
-
connectionFactory=
new ConnectionFactory();
-
}
-
return connectionFactory;
-
-
}
-
-
-
-
}
2）、BookJdbcDao.java数据库操作封装类
-
package example.dao.book;
-
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
-
import java.sql.ResultSet;
-
import java.sql.SQLException;
-
-
import example.bean.book.Book;
-
-
public
class BookJdbcDao {
-
-
private PreparedStatement ptmt =
null;
-
private ResultSet rs =
null;
-
-
public BookJdbcDao() {
-
}
-
-
-
public void findAll(Connection conn) throws SQLException
-
{
-
//to do
-
-
}
-
-
public void delete(Connection conn, int id) throws SQLException
-
{
-
String sql =
"delete from tb_books where id=?";
-
try{
-
ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
-
// 对SQL语句中的第一个占位符赋值
-
ptmt.setInt(
1, id);
-
// 执行更新操作
-
ptmt.executeUpdate();
-
-
}
finally{
-
if (
null!=ptmt) {
-
ptmt.close();
-
}
-
-
if (
null!=conn) {
-
conn.close();
-
}
-
-
}
-
-
}
-
-
public void update(Connection conn, int id ,int bookcount) throws SQLException
-
{
-
//to do
-
-
}
-
-
-
}
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