C语言用链表写大数乘法,关于C语言链表的问题

这个程序主要作用是高精度算法中的加法与乘法,但是由于大小限制,我只能吧乘法的删掉,给大家粗劣地看一下,我主要想问,这里使用了链表了么,因为他每个函数都是结构体指针,这样做有什么用呢,作用是什么,有什么好处?

typedef struct number NUMBER;

这个程序主要作用是高精度算法中的加法与乘法,但是由于大小限制,我只能吧乘法的删掉,给大家粗劣地看一下,我主要想问,这里使用了链表了么,因为他每个函数都是结构体指针,这样做有什么用呢,作用是什么,有什么好处?

typedef struct number NUMBER;

struct number {

int length;

char *data;

};

NUMBER *make_number(long n)

{

char buffer[16];

int len, i;

NUMBER *u;

len = sprintf(buffer, "%d", (n >= 0) ? n : -n);

for (i = 0; buffer[i] != '\0'; i++)

buffer[i] = buffer[i] - '0';

u = (NUMBER *) malloc(sizeof(NUMBER));

u->length = len;

u->data = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*(len+1));

memmove(u->data, buffer, len+1);

return u;

}

NUMBER *add(NUMBER *opn1, NUMBER *opn2)

{

int m = opn1->length;

char *u = opn1->data;

int n = opn2->length;

char *v = opn2->data;

char *w, *p;

int mn = MAX(m,n)+1;

int carry = 0, temp;

int i, j, k, t;

NUMBER *result;

w = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*(mn+1));

w[mn] = '\0';

for (i=m-1, j=n-1, k=mn-1; i>=0 && j>=0; i--,j--,k--) {

temp = u[i] + v[j] + carry;

w[k] = (char) (temp % BASE);

carry = temp / BASE;

}

if (i >= 0)

p = u, t = i;

else

p = v, t = j;

for ( ; t >= 0; t--, k--) {

temp = p[t] + carry;

w[k] = (char) (temp % BASE);

carry = temp / BASE;

}

w[0] = carry;

result = (NUMBER *) malloc(sizeof(NUMBER));

if (w[0] == '\0') {

mn--;

result->data = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*(mn+1));

memmove(result->data, &w[1], mn+1);

free(w);

}

else

result->data = w;

result->length = mn;

return result;

}

void main(void)

{

NUMBER *prod, *opn1, *opn2;

NUMBER *sum, *temp;

int N;

char line[100];

int i;

printf("\nInfinite Precision Addition and Multiplication");

printf("\n==============================================");

printf("\n\nFactorial of N --> ");

gets(line);

N = atoi(line);

prod = make_number(1);

sum = make_number(0);

for (i = 1; i <= N; i++) {

opn1 = make_number((long) i);

opn2 = multiply(prod, opn1);

printf("\n%2d! = ", i);

display_number(opn2);

free(prod->data); free(prod);

free(opn1->data); free(opn1);

prod = opn2;

temp = add(sum, prod);

free(sum->data); free(sum);

sum = temp;

}

printf("\n\n1! + 2! + ..... + %d! = ", N);

display_number(sum);

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实现大数乘法可以使用链表来存储每一位数字,具体实现步骤如下: 1. 定义链表结构体,包含一个int类型的数据域和指向下一个节点的指针域。 ```c typedef struct node { int data; struct node *next; } Node; ``` 2. 定义两个字符串,分别存储要相乘的两个大数。 ```c char num1[] = "123456789"; char num2[] = "987654321"; ``` 3. 将两个字符串转化为链表,将每一位数字存储到链表中。 ```c Node *num1List = NULL; Node *num2List = NULL; for (int i = strlen(num1) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = num1[i] - '0'; newNode->next = num1List; num1List = newNode; } for (int i = strlen(num2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = num2[i] - '0'; newNode->next = num2List; num2List = newNode; } ``` 4. 定义一个新的链表,用来存储计算结果。 ```c Node *resultList = NULL; ``` 5. 从链表num2List的最低位开始,依次将每一位与链表num1List中的每一位相乘,将计算结果相加得到最终结果。具体实现过程如下: ```c Node *num2Node = num2List; int shift = 0; // 用于记录当前位数,也就是需要在结果中加上的0的个数 while (num2Node != NULL) { Node *num1Node = num1List; int carry = 0; // 用于记录进位 Node *tempResultList = NULL; // 在结果中加上shift个0 for (int i = 0; i < shift; i++) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = 0; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; } while (num1Node != NULL) { int tempResult = num1Node->data * num2Node->data + carry; carry = tempResult / 10; Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = tempResult % 10; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; num1Node = num1Node->next; } // 如果还有进位,需要将进位加到结果的最高位 if (carry > 0) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = carry; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; } // 将tempResultList中的结果与resultList相加 Node *tempNode = tempResultList; Node *resultNode = resultList; carry = 0; while (tempNode != NULL || carry > 0) { int tempData1 = resultNode == NULL ? 0 : resultNode->data; int tempData2 = tempNode == NULL ? 0 : tempNode->data; int tempResult = tempData1 + tempData2 + carry; carry = tempResult / 10; if (resultNode == NULL) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = tempResult % 10; newNode->next = NULL; resultList = newNode; resultNode = resultList; } else { resultNode->data = tempResult % 10; if (resultNode->next == NULL && (tempNode != NULL || carry > 0)) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = 0; newNode->next = NULL; resultNode->next = newNode; } resultNode = resultNode->next; } tempNode = tempNode == NULL ? NULL : tempNode->next; } shift++; num2Node = num2Node->next; } ``` 6. 将计算结果从链表中取出,输出到控制台。 ```c Node *tempNode = resultList; while (tempNode != NULL) { printf("%d", tempNode->data); tempNode = tempNode->next; } printf("\n"); ``` 完整代码如下: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct node { int data; struct node *next; } Node; int main() { char num1[] = "123456789"; char num2[] = "987654321"; Node *num1List = NULL; Node *num2List = NULL; for (int i = strlen(num1) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = num1[i] - '0'; newNode->next = num1List; num1List = newNode; } for (int i = strlen(num2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = num2[i] - '0'; newNode->next = num2List; num2List = newNode; } Node *resultList = NULL; Node *num2Node = num2List; int shift = 0; while (num2Node != NULL) { Node *num1Node = num1List; int carry = 0; Node *tempResultList = NULL; for (int i = 0; i < shift; i++) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = 0; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; } while (num1Node != NULL) { int tempResult = num1Node->data * num2Node->data + carry; carry = tempResult / 10; Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = tempResult % 10; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; num1Node = num1Node->next; } if (carry > 0) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = carry; newNode->next = tempResultList; tempResultList = newNode; } Node *tempNode = tempResultList; Node *resultNode = resultList; carry = 0; while (tempNode != NULL || carry > 0) { int tempData1 = resultNode == NULL ? 0 : resultNode->data; int tempData2 = tempNode == NULL ? 0 : tempNode->data; int tempResult = tempData1 + tempData2 + carry; carry = tempResult / 10; if (resultNode == NULL) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = tempResult % 10; newNode->next = NULL; resultList = newNode; resultNode = resultList; } else { resultNode->data = tempResult % 10; if (resultNode->next == NULL && (tempNode != NULL || carry > 0)) { Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); newNode->data = 0; newNode->next = NULL; resultNode->next = newNode; } resultNode = resultNode->next; } tempNode = tempNode == NULL ? NULL : tempNode->next; } shift++; num2Node = num2Node->next; } Node *tempNode = resultList; while (tempNode != NULL) { printf("%d", tempNode->data); tempNode = tempNode->next; } printf("\n"); return 0; } ```
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