platform总线是一种虚拟的总线,相应的设备则为platform_device,而驱动则为platform_driver。Linux 2.6的设备驱动模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都归纳为platform_device。
总线将设备和驱动绑定,在系统每注册一个设备的时候,会寻找与之匹配的驱动;相反的,在系统每注册一个驱动的时候,会寻找与之匹配的设备,而匹配由总线完成。
Linux2.6系统中定义了一个bus_type的实例platform_bus_type
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structbus_type platform_bus_type = {
.name = "platform",
.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,
.match = platform_match, //设备和驱动使用match函数来判断是否匹配
.uevent = platform_uevent,
.pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,
};
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/* platform_match函数用于匹配总线中的驱动和设备 */
staticintplatform_match(structdevice *dev,structdevice_driver *drv)
{
structplatform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
structplatform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
/* match against the id table first */
if(pdrv->id_table)
returnplatform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
/* fall-back to driver name match */
return(strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}
platform_match函数首先判断是否由id_table,如果有则使用id_table来进行匹配,否则,判断platform_device和platform_driver成员里的name,如果二者的name字段相同则匹配,如果匹配则调用platform_driver的probe函数。
platform_device结构体的定义
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structplatform_device {
constchar* name;/* 名字 */
intid;
structdevice dev;
u32 num_resources; /* 资源总数 */
structresource * resource;/* 资源 */
structplatform_device_id *id_entry;
};
其中有个重要的成员是resource,是设备的资源信息,如IO地址,中断号等。
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structresource {
resource_size_t start; //资源的起始值
resource_size_t end; //资源的结束值
constchar*name;
unsigned longflags;//资源的类型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA
structresource *parent, *sibling, *child;
};
有的设备可能有多个资源,通常使用platform_get_resource函数来获取资源
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/**
* platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device
* @dev: platform device
* @type: resource type
* @num: resource index
*/
structresource *platform_get_resource(structplatform_device *dev,
unsigned inttype, unsignedintnum)
{
inti;
for(i = 0; i num_resources; i++) {
structresource *r = &dev->resource[i];
if(type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)
returnr;
}
returnNULL;
}
平台设备的注册,使用platform_device_register函数
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intplatform_device_register(structplatform_device *pdev)
{
device_initialize(&pdev->dev);
returnplatform_device_add(pdev);
}
platform_device_register函数先通过device_initialize函数初始化platform_device的device成员,然后调用platform_device_add向内核添加一个平台设备。
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intplatform_device_add(structplatform_device *pdev)
{
inti, ret = 0;
if(!pdev)/* 如果pdev为空则返回EINVAL */
return-EINVAL;
/* 如果pdev->dev.parent为空则将pdev->dev.parent设置为platform_bus */
if(!pdev->dev.parent)
pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;
pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type; /* 设置总线类型 */
if(pdev->id != -1)/* 如果id = -1则表示自动分配name */
dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);
else
dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);
for(i = 0; i num_resources; i++) {
structresource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];/* 获取资源 */
if(r->name == NULL)
r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
p = r->parent;
if(!p) {
if(resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM)/* 设置资源类型 */
p = &iomem_resource;
elseif(resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
p = &ioport_resource;
}
if(p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",
dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);
ret = -EBUSY;
gotofailed;
}
}
pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",
dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));
/* 向内核添加一个device */
ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
if(ret == 0)
returnret;
failed:
while(--i >= 0) {
structresource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
unsigned longtype = resource_type(r);
if(type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
release_resource(r);
}
returnret;
}
platform_device_add最终调用device_add来完成平台设备的注册。
相反地,如果要注销平台设备则使用platform_device_unregister函数
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voidplatform_device_unregister(structplatform_device *pdev)
{
platform_device_del(pdev);
platform_device_put(pdev);
}
platform_device_unregister函数调用platform_device_del函数来注销平台设备
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voidplatform_device_del(structplatform_device *pdev)
{
inti;
if(pdev) {
device_del(&pdev->dev);
for(i = 0; i num_resources; i++) {
structresource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
unsigned longtype = resource_type(r);
if(type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
release_resource(r);
}
}
}
platform_device_del函数调用device_del函数来删除平台设备,相应地,要释放资源应调用release_resource函数,前提是资源的类型必须为IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO
platform_driver的定义:
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structplatform_driver {
int(*probe)(structplatform_device *);
int(*remove)(structplatform_device *);
void(*shutdown)(structplatform_device *);
int(*suspend)(structplatform_device *, pm_message_t state);
int(*resume)(structplatform_device *);
structdevice_driver driver;
conststructplatform_device_id *id_table;
};
device_driver的定义:
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structdevice_driver {
constchar*name;
structbus_type *bus;
structmodule *owner;
constchar*mod_name;/* used for built-in modules */
boolsuppress_bind_attrs;/* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */
conststructof_device_id *of_match_table;
conststructacpi_device_id *acpi_match_table;
int(*probe) (structdevice *dev);
int(*remove) (structdevice *dev);
void(*shutdown) (structdevice *dev);
int(*suspend) (structdevice *dev, pm_message_t state);
int(*resume) (structdevice *dev);
conststructattribute_group **groups;
conststructdev_pm_ops *pm;
structdriver_private *p;
};
platform_driver结构体有device_driver成员,该成员的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函数,在平台驱动注册的时候被初始化。
前面说过,当系统中存在有平台设备和平台驱动通过总线的match函数匹配后则会调用platform_driver的probe函数,参数为platform_device,有时候也通过id_table来判断是否匹配。
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structplatform_device_id {
charname[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];
kernel_ulong_t driver_data
__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
};
平台驱动的注册使用platform_driver_register函数
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intplatform_driver_register(structplatform_driver *drv)
{
drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
if(drv->probe)
drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
if(drv->remove)
drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
if(drv->shutdown)
drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
if(drv->suspend)
drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;
if(drv->resume)
drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;
returndriver_register(&drv->driver);
}
先初始化platform_driver里的driver,该driver的类型为device_driver,设置driver的bus为platform_bus_type;设置driver的probe为platform_drv_probe;设置driver的remove为platform_drv_remove;设置driver的shutdown为platform_drv_shutdown;设置driver的suspend为platform_drv_suspend;设置driver的resume为platform_drv_resume,最后调用driver_register函数来注册平台驱动。
相反地,要注销平台驱动的话,使用platform_driver_unregister函数
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voidplatform_driver_unregister(structplatform_driver *drv)
{
driver_unregister(&drv->driver);
}