python用linux和macos,如何在Travis CI中为Windows, Linux和macOS配置Python环境

Travis CI提供了很多虚拟机环境，但是没有想象中方便。比如要运行Python，只有Linux和macOS是自带的，Windows需要安装。不同的操作系统配置方式也不同，少不了一番折腾。

Travis CI的Python 3.x环境搭建

Linux自带Python，非常方便，只需要设置Python版本即可。CPU可以选择AMD64和ARM64：

jobs:

include:

- name: "Python 3.6.0 on AMD64 Linux"

python: 3.6

os: linux

arch: amd64

- name: "Python 3.7.0 on AMD64 Linux"

python: 3.7

os: linux

arch: amd64

- name: "Python 3.8.0 on AMD64 Linux"

python: 3.8

os: linux

arch: amd64

- name: "Python 3.9.0 on AMD64 Linux"

python: 3.9

os: linux

arch: amd64

- name: "Python 3.6.0 on ARM64 Linux"

python: 3.6

os: linux

arch: arm64

- name: "Python 3.7.0 on ARM64 Linux"

python: 3.7

os: linux

arch: arm64

- name: "Python 3.8.0 on ARM64 Linux"

python: 3.8

os: linux

arch: arm64

- name: "Python 3.9.0 on ARM64 Linux"

python: 3.9

os: linux

arch: arm64

macOS需要设置Xcode来选择对应的镜像。Xcode自带Python，但不清楚具体的版本。可以用python --version来查看。macOS也支持brew安装，但是非常的慢。Python 3.6不支持。

- name: "Python 3.7 on macOS"

os: osx

osx_image: xcode11.4

language: shell

before_install:

- python3 --version

- name: "Python 3.8 on macOS"

os: osx

osx_image: xcode11.6

language: shell

before_install:

- python3 --version

- name: "Python 3.9 on macOS"

os: osx

osx_image: xcode12.2

language: shell

before_install:

- python3 --version

Windows上需要通过choco安装Python，然后配置环境变量：

- name: "Python 3.6.0 on Windows"

os: windows

language: shell

before_install:

- choco install python --version 3.6.0

- python -m pip install --upgrade pip

env: PATH=/c/Python36:/c/Python36/Scripts:$PATH

- name: "Python 3.7.0 on Windows"

os: windows

language: shell

before_install:

- choco install python --version 3.7.0

- python -m pip install --upgrade pip

env: PATH=/c/Python37:/c/Python37/Scripts:$PATH

- name: "Python 3.8.0 on Windows"

os: windows

language: shell

before_install:

- choco install python --version 3.8.0

- python -m pip install --upgrade pip

env: PATH=/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH

- name: "Python 3.9.0 on Windows"

os: windows

language: shell

before_install:

- choco install python --version 3.9.0

- python -m pip install --upgrade pip

env: PATH=/c/Python39:/c/Python39/Scripts:$PATH

安装Python依赖库。如果你需要OpenCV，注意Windows上要使用opencv-python-headless。不然会返回DLL找不到的错误:

install:

- if [[ ${TRAVIS_OS_NAME} == "windows" ]]; then

pip install dbr opencv-python-headless;

else

pip3 install dbr opencv-python;

fi

最后执行测试脚本：

branches:

only:

- main

script:

- python3 ./test.py ./images/1D-1-OverExposure.jpg || python ./test.py ./images/1D-1-OverExposure.jpg

查看任务状态：

源码