变量a是一个带空格的字符串,现在用"hdpusr400"替换变量a中的"hduser302":
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $a
-rw-r----- 3 hduser302 hduser302 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hduser302/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
#用变量替换${a//}做字符串替换
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo ${a/hduser302/hdpusr400} #变量a中的第一个匹配的字符串会被替换
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hduser302 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hduser302/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo ${a//hduser302/hdpusr400} #变量a中所有匹配的字符串都会被替换
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hdpusr400 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hdpusr400/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
#用sed做字符串替换
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $a | sed 's/hduser302/hdpusr400/' #sed 's///' 用来替换第一个匹配的字符串
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hduser302 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hduser302/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $a | sed 's/hduser302/hdpusr400/g' #sed 's///g'用来替换所有匹配的字符串
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hdpusr400 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hdpusr400/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
#用awk做字符串替换 (这个例子中用sub或gsub都可以,默认是空格为分隔符)
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $a | awk '{gsub(/hduser302/,"hdpusr400",$3);print $0}' #指定替换第一个
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hduser302 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hduser302/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties
[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $a | awk '{gsub(/hduser302/,"hdpusr400");print $0}' #全部替换
-rw-r----- 3 hdpusr400 hdpusr400 3336 2019-07-12 17:35 /apps/hdpusr400/student/properties/xxyy/IMP_00004_XXYY_USE_PERSONALINFO.properties