Linux超级块恢复原理,linux_ext4恢复超级块.txt

恢复ext4文件系统superblock 2014-04-01 17:00:17

分类： Linux

恢复ext4文件系统superblock

1. Create ext4 文件系统。

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb

2. 挂载文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# grep vdb2 /etc/fstab

/dev/vdb1 /ext4 ext4 defaults 0 0

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vdb1 100G 1.7G 94G 2% /ext4

3. 卸载文件系统，并破坏super block

[root@localhost ~]# umount /ext4

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/vdb1 bs=1024 count=5

5+0 records in

5+0 records out

5120 bytes (5.1 kB) copied, 0.00481915 s, 1.1 MB/s

[root@localhost ~]# partx /dev/vdb

partx: /dev/vdb: failed to read partition table

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# mount /ext4

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/vdb1,

missing codepage or helper program, or other error

In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

dmesg | tail or so

[root@localhost ~]# dmesg

[22600278.492089] EXT4-fs (vdb1): VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem

4. 恢复superblock

[root@localhost ~]# fsck -t ext4 /dev/vdb1

fsck from util-linux 2.20.1

e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)

fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...

One or more block group descriptor checksums are invalid. Fix? yes

Group descriptor 0 checksum is invalid. FIXED.

Group descriptor 1 checksum is invalid. FIXED.

Group descriptor 2 checksum is invalid. FIXED.

...

Fix? yes

/dev/vdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****

/dev/vdb1: 11/6553600 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 459349/26214144 blocks

5. 测试是否恢复了。

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vdb1 100G 1.7G 94G 2% /ext4

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

247 上准确的一次扩容：

从其中一个LV 取容量 到 其他LV 上

[root@zjgl ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_root

50G 47G 0 100% /

tmpfs 7.9G 172K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 11M 449M 3% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

483G 198M 458G 1% /home

ifconfig -a

603 df -lh

604 cd /

605 umount /home

606 df -lh

607 resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home 200G

608 e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

609 resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home 200G

[root@orcl /]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home

resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home 300G

lvreduce -L 300G /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home

lvextend -L +140G /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_root

resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_root

610 mount /home

611 df -h

612 lvreduce -L 200G /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

613 vgdisplay

614 lvextend -L +100G /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_root

615 resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_root

616 df -h

617 cd /home

618 ls

619 cd /

620 ls

621 ls -l

[root@zjgl /]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_root

148G 47G 94G 34% /

tmpfs 7.9G 172K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 11M 449M 3% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

197G 188M 187G 1% /home

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

more /etc/fstab

创建LV：

635 vgdisplay

636 vgscan

637 lvscan

638 df -lh

639 lvcreate -L 100G -n lv_arch /dev/vg_zjgl

640 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_arch

641 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_arch /arch

642 df -lh

643 vgdisplay

644 lvdisplay

645 df -lh

646 cd /home

647 sl

648 ls

649 la -al

650 cd /

651 umount /home

/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/archive1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@orcl /]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home

e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summary information

/dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home: 721271/32735232 files (0.1% non-contiguous), 5611311/130922496 blocks

[root@orcl /]# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home 300G

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)df

Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home to 78643200 (4k) blocks.

Begin pass 3 (max = 3996)

Scanning inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_xnzhoracle-lv_home is now 78643200 blocks long.

[root@orcl /]# mount /home

[root@orcl /]# df -lh

477 fuser -m -k /home

478 umount /home

479 fsck -f /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

480 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home /home

481 df -lh

482 lvresize -L +340G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

483 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

484 mount

485 umount /home

486 mount

487 lvresize -L +340G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

488 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

489 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home /home

490 df -lh

491 history 50

478 ls

479 vgscan

480 vgdisplay

481 cd /vg_zj

482 cd vg_zjgl/

483 ls

484 pwd

485 fsck -f /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

486 mount

487 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home /home

488 vgscan

489 lvscan

490 more /etc/fstab

491*

492 ls -lh /etc/fstab

493 vi /etc/fstab

494 fsck -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

495 me

496 lvresize -L -450G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

497 lvresize -L -400G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

498 lvresize -L -40G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

499 fsck -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_zjgl-lv_home

500 df -lh

501 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home /home

502 mkfs.ext4 -n device

503 mkfs.ext4 -b superblocknum device

504 lvscan

505 mkfs.ext4 -b superblocknum device

506 cd /

507 mkfs.ext4 -b superblocknum device

508 mkfs.ext4 -n device

509 cd

510 cd /dev

511 ls

512 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

513 mount /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home /home

514 df -lh

515 cd /home

516 ls

517 lvresize -L +450G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

518 lvresize -L +350G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

519 lvresize -L +340G /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

520 lvscan

521 df -h

522 df -lh

523 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_zjgl/lv_home

524 history 50