python 优雅 明确 简单_有没有一种简单、优雅的方法来定义单例？

这是我自己实现的singleton。您所要做的就是修饰类；要获得singleton，您就必须使用Instance方法。下面是一个例子：@Singleton

class Foo:

def __init__(self):

print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen

g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码：class Singleton:

"""

A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.

This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the

class that should be a singleton.

The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that

takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be

inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply

to the decorated class.

To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying

to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

"""

def __init__(self, decorated):

self._decorated = decorated

def instance(self):

"""

Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a

new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.

On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

"""

try:

return self._instance

except AttributeError:

self._instance = self._decorated()

return self._instance

def __call__(self):

raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

def __instancecheck__(self, inst):

return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)