操作系统控制硬件资源，允许多用户和远程资源共享。它包括内存管理、进程管理、设备管理、文件管理和用户界面等组件。内存通过分区和分页技术进行分配，分页允许程序不连续存储并按需加载，提高资源利用率。需求分页策略使得多个程序可以同时使用计算机资源。
CHAPTER 7
Operating Systems
Review Questions
1. The operating system controls the access of hardware by users. Application pro-
grams use the computer hardware to solve the users' problems.
2. Thanks to networking and internetworking, resources such as files and even CPUs
can be shared by computers that are miles apart.
3. In monoprogramming, only a single job is in memory at any one time. With multi-
programming, several jobs are in memory at a time and the resources of the com-
puter are only assigned to the jobs that need them.
4. The components of an operating system are: memory manager, process manager,
device manager, file manager, and the user interface.
5. With partitioning, memory is divided into variable length sections, each of which
hold one complete program. In paging, memory is divided into much smaller fixed
length sections as is the program itself. The program does not have to be contigu-
ous in memory.
6. In paging, a page is the fixed length section of a program and a frame is the fixed
length section of memory.
7. In regular paging the entire program must be in memory at the same time in order
for the program to execute. With demand paging, the pages of a program can be
loaded into memory one by one so that the entire program does not need to be in
memory at the same time. This means that with demand paging, more programs
can use the computer's resources at any given time.
8. Demand segmenta
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