查看磁盘使用情况
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盘使用情况
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005fc9a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors 看到有一个/dev/vdb磁盘
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 是没有使用的
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb 对/dev/vdb划分分区
Command (m for help): n n表示创建一个分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p p表示 创建的是一个主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 1表示这是第一个分区
First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048): 起始大小,默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): +20G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set 创建20G的一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 表示这是第二个分区
First sector (41945088-167772159, default 41945088):
Using default value 41945088
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-167772159, default 167772159): 这里默认回车Using default value 167772159 表示所有的空间全分出去
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 60 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w 把所做的修改保存
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# fdisk -l 查看自己是否创建了两个分区
Disk /dev/vdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x67b29857
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 41945088 167772159 62913536 83 Linux
格式化磁盘
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 对分区/dev/vdb1格式化成ext4
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2
挂载磁盘到指定目录
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data 把分区/dev/vdb1挂在到/data下
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# mkdir /root/software
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# mount /dev/vdb2 /root/software
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# unmount /root/software;//卸载/root/software挂载目录
查看是否挂载成功
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# df -h 查看是否挂在成功
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdb1 20G 45M 19G 1% /data
/dev/vdb2 59G 53M 56G 1% /root/software
设置开机自动挂载
[root@VM_176_224_centos ~]# vim /etc/fstab 设置开机自动挂载
/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/vdb2 /root/software ext4 defaults 0 0
创建swap分区步骤
1. free -m (目前没有swap分区)
[root@_224_centos ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16332028 6526084 9805944 176 302608 1812816
-/+ buffers/cache: 4410660 11921368
Swap: 0 0 0
2.dd if=/dev/zero of=./swap bs=1M count=10000
在当前目录创建1个10G的swap文件
[root@VM_30_103_centos ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=./swap bs=1M count=10000
记录了1024+0 的读入
记录了1024+0 的写出
524288字节(524 kB)已复制,0.00233599 秒,224 MB/秒
3.mkswap ./swap (创建交换区)
[root@VM_30_103_centos /]# mkswap -f /swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 508 KiB
no label, UUID=f6d806e4-ffd4-4c20-bd81-bf0b7194b38d
4.swapon ./swap(启用swap)
swapon ./swap
5.free -m (再次查看内存,这时多了1个10G的swap分区)
[root@VM_30_103_centos /]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 32108 23582 8525 30 499 16842
-/+ buffers/cache: 6240 25867
Swap: 9999 0 9999
6.vim /etc/fstab (开机启动自动加载)
/dev/vda1 / ext3 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/dev/vdb1 /root/data ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=e7caca55-82c7-4600-a89e-07a475bc45c4 swap swap defaults 0 0
修改完成以后输入: mount -a 即可生效
swap常用命令介绍
cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness;查看swap配置使用多大比例内存之后开始使用swap
swapon -s ;swap当前使用情况
cat /proc/swaps;swap当前使用情况
swapon ./swap;启用swap分区
swapoff /swap;删除swap分区