Linux的less和tail的区别,linux入门--less，head/tail命令的使用练习

less，head/tail函数是生信技能树[生信爆款入门课程]linux部分Day12的讲到的重要知识点。为加深理解，现在做下练习巩固。

一、less命令介绍

image.png

使用练习

1.进入家目录 查看文件

$ cd

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$ ls

1 file readme.txt wenjianjia1

catFile Music test1 wenjianjia{1:5}

Data mydir test2

Data.tar.gz mydircd wenjian3

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2.进入Data文件

$ cd Data/

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$ ls

Data.tar.gz

example.fa

example.fq

example.gtf

Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.102.chromosome.Y.gff3.gz

readme.txt

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3.显示行号

1 chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 1737 2090 . 1 + . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; trans 1 cript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_c 1 oding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P 1 13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcr 1 ipt_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13. 1 1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961 1 ";

2 chr1 ENSEMBL exon 1737 2090 . 2 + . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; trans 2 cript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_c 2 oding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P 2 13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcr

4.单行显示

chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 1737 2090 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL exon 1737 2090 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL transcript 1737 4275 .

chr1 HAVANA gene 1737 4275 . +

chr1 HAVANA exon 1873 1920 . +

chr1 HAVANA transcript 1873 3533 .

chr1 HAVANA exon 2042 2090 . +

chr1 HAVANA exon 2476 2560 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 2476 2584 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL exon 2476 2584 . +

chr1 HAVANA exon 2838 2915 . +

chr1 HAVANA exon 3084 3237 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 3084 4021 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL exon 3084 4275 . +

chr1 HAVANA exon 3316 3533 . +

chr1 ENSEMBL start_codon 4022 4024 .

chr1 ENSEMBL CDS 4022 4249 . +

example.gtf

5.查看压缩文件

$ cd

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$ zless Data.tar.gz

image.png

二、head/tail命令简单介绍

1.head / tail：查看文件的前/后 n 行，默认10 行

$ head readme.txt

Welcome to Biotrainee() !

This is your personal account in our Cloud.

Have a fun with it.

Please feel free to contact with me( email @163.com )

(http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.

Last10 10:55:51 ~

$ head -2 readme.txt

Welcome to Biotrainee() !

This is your personal account in our Cloud.

Last10 10:56:17 ~

$ head -3 readme.txt

Welcome to Biotrainee() !

This is your personal account in our Cloud.

Have a fun with it.

Last10 10:56:26 ~

$ tail -1 readme.txt

(http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.

Last10 10:56:36 ~

$ tail -2 readme.txt

Please feel free to contact with me( email @163.com )

(http://www.biotrainee.com/thread-1376-1-1.

Last10 10:56:44 ~

2.结合管道

head常结合管道符用于控制输出行数

$ cat readme.txt | head -1

Welcome to Biotrainee() !

$ cat -n example.gtf | head -10

1 chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 1737 2090 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

2 chr1 ENSEMBL exon 1737 2090 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

3 chr1 ENSEMBL transcript 1737 4275 gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

4 chr1 HAVANA gene 1737 4275 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENSG00000223972"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

5 chr1 HAVANA exon 1873 1920 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";

6 chr1 HAVANA transcript 1873 3533 gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";

7 chr1 HAVANA exon 2042 2090 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";

8 chr1 HAVANA exon 2476 2560 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000450305"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "unprocessed_pseudogene"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13-001"; level 2; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961"; havana_transcript "OTTHUMT00000002844"; ont "PGO:0000005";

9 chr1 ENSEMBL UTR 2476 2584 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

10 chr1 ENSEMBL exon 2476 2584 . gene_id "ENSG00000223972"; transcript_id "ENST00000456328"; gene_type "protein_coding"; gene_status "KNOWN"; gene_name "RP11-34P13.1"; transcript_type "protein_coding"; transcript_status "KNOWN"; transcript_name "RP11-34P13.1-201"; level 3; havana_gene "OTTHUMG00000000961";

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