java文件监听器_JavaWeb学习笔记八 监听器

监听器Listener

jservlet规范包括三个技术点:servlet ;listener ;filter;监听器就是监听某个对象的的状态变化的组件。监听器的相关概念事件源:

被监听的对象(三个域对象 request,session,servletContext)

监听器:监听事件源对象, 事件源对象的状态的变化都会触发监听器 。

注册监听器:将监听器与事件源进行绑定。

响应行为:监听器监听到事件源的状态变化时,所涉及的功能代码(程序员编写代码)

按照被监听的对象划分:ServletRequest域 ;HttpSession域 ;ServletContext域。按照监听的内容分:监听域对象的创建与销毁的; 监听域对象的属性变化的。

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三大域对象的创建与销毁的监听器

ServletContextListener

监听ServletContext域的创建与销毁的监听器,Servlet域的生命周期:在服务器启动创建,服务器关闭时销毁;监听器的编写步骤:

编写一个监听器类去实现监听器接口

覆盖监听器的方法

需要在web.xml中进行配置(注册)

1、监听的方法:

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2、配置文件:

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ServletContextListener监听器的主要作用:

初始化的工作:初始化对象;初始化数据。比如加载数据库驱动,对连接池的初始化。

加载一些初始化的配置文件;比如spring的配置文件。

任务调度(定时器Timer/TimerTask)

例子:MyServletContextListener.java

packagecom.itheima.create;importjava.text.ParseException;importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;importjava.util.Date;importjava.util.Timer;importjava.util.TimerTask;importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;importjavax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;importjavax.servlet.ServletContextListener;public class MyServletContextListener implementsServletContextListener{

@Override//监听context域对象的创建

public voidcontextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {//就是被监听的对象---ServletContext//ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();//getSource就是被监听的对象 是通用的方法//ServletContext source = (ServletContext) sce.getSource();//System.out.println("context创建了....");//开启一个计息任务调度----每天晚上12点 计息一次//Timer timer = new Timer();//task:任务 firstTime:第一次执行时间 period:间隔执行时间//timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, firstTime, period);

/*timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("银行计息了.....");

}

} , new Date(), 5000);*/

//修改成银行真实计息业务//1、起始时间: 定义成晚上12点//2、间隔时间:24小时

/*SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");

//String currentTime = "2016-08-19 00:00:00";

String currentTime = "2016-08-18 09:34:00";

Date parse = null;

try {

parse = format.parse(currentTime);

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("银行计息了.....");

}

} , parse, 24*60*60*1000);*/}//监听context域对象的销毁

@Overridepublic voidcontextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {

System.out.println("context销毁了....");

}

}

web.xml

com.itheima.attribute.MyServletContextAttributeListener

HttpSessionListener

监听Httpsession域的创建与销毁的监听器。HttpSession对象的生命周期:第一次调用request.getSession时创建;销毁有以下几种情况(服务器关闭、session过期、 手动销毁)

1、HttpSessionListener的方法

packagelistener;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;/*** Created by yang on 2017/7/27.*/

public class listenerDemo implementsHttpSessionListener {

@Overridepublic voidsessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {

System.out.println("session创建"+httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId());

}

@Overridepublic voidsessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {

System.out.println("session销毁");

}

}

web.xml:

listener.listenerDemo

创建session代码:

packagesession;importcn.dsna.util.images.ValidateCode;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjava.io.IOException;/*** Created by yang on 2017/7/24.*/

public class SessionDemo extendsHttpServlet {

@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throwsServletException, IOException {

doPost(req, resp);

}

@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp) throwsServletException, IOException {//1 生成验证码

ValidateCode code = new ValidateCode(200, 80, 4, 100);//2 将验证码保存到session中

System.out.println(code.getCode());

request.getSession().setAttribute("code", code.getCode());//3 将验证码图片输出到 浏览器

resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");

code.write(resp.getOutputStream());

}

}

当创建session时,监听器中的代码将执行。

ServletRequestListener

监听ServletRequest域创建与销毁的监听器。ServletRequest的生命周期:每一次请求都会创建request,请求结束则销毁。

1、ServletRequestListener的方法

packagelistener;importjavax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;importjavax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;/*** Created by yang on 2017/7/27.*/

public class RequestListenerDemo implementsServletRequestListener {

@Overridepublic voidrequestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {

System.out.println("request被销毁了");

}

@Overridepublic voidrequestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {

System.out.println("request被创建了");

}

}

web.xml

listener.RequestListenerDemo

只要客户端发起请求,监听器中的代码就会被执行。

监听三大域对象的属性变化的

域对象的通用的方法

setAttribute(name,value)

触发添加属性的监听器的方法

触发修改属性的监听器的方法

getAttribute(name)

removeAttribute(name):触发删除属性的监听器的方法

ServletContextAttibuteListener监听器

packagelistener;importjavax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;importjavax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;/*** Created by yang on 2017/7/27.*/

public class ServletContextAttrDemo implementsServletContextAttributeListener {

@Overridepublic voidattributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {//放到域中的属性

System.out.println(scab.getName());//放到域中的name

System.out.println(scab.getValue());//放到域中的value

}

@Overridepublic voidattributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {

System.out.println(scab.getName());//删除的域中的name

System.out.println(scab.getValue());//删除的域中的value

}

@Overridepublic voidattributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {

System.out.println(scab.getName());//获得修改前的name

System.out.println(scab.getValue());//获得修改前的value

}

}

web.xml

listener.ServletContextAttrDemo

测试代码:

packagelistener;importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjava.io.IOException;/*** Created by yang on 2017/7/27.*/

public class ListenerTest extendsHttpServlet{

@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throwsServletException, IOException {

ServletContext context=getServletContext();

context.setAttribute("aaa","bbb");

context.setAttribute("aaa","ccc");

context.removeAttribute("aaa");

doPost(req, resp);

}

@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throwsServletException, IOException {

}

}

HttpSessionAttributeListener监听器(同上)

ServletRequestAriibuteListenr监听器(同上)

与session中的绑定的对象相关的监听器(对象感知监听器)

将要被绑定到session中的对象有几种状态

绑定状态:就一个对象被放到session域中

解绑状态:就是这个对象从session域中移除了

钝化状态:是将session内存中的对象持久化(序列化)到磁盘

活化状态:就是将磁盘上的对象再次恢复到session内存中

对象感知监听器不用在web.xml中配置。

面试题:当用户很对时,怎样对服务器进行优化?

绑定与解绑的监听器HttpSessionBindingListener

packagelistener;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;public class Person implementsHttpSessionBindingListener{privateString id;privateString name;publicString getId() {returnid;

}public voidsetId(String id) {this.id =id;

}publicString getName() {returnname;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}

@Override//绑定的方法

public voidvalueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {

System.out.println("person被绑定了");

}

@Override//解绑方法

public voidvalueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {

System.out.println("person被解绑了");

}

}

测试类:

packagelistener;importjava.io.IOException;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSession;public class TestPersonBindingServlet extendsHttpServlet {protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {

HttpSession session=request.getSession();//将person对象绑到session中

Person p = newPerson();

p.setId("100");

p.setName("zhangsanfeng");

session.setAttribute("person", p);//将person对象从session中解绑

session.removeAttribute("person");

}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {

doGet(request, response);

}

}

钝化与活化的监听器HttpSessionActivationListener

packagelistener;importjava.io.Serializable;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;public class Customer implementsHttpSessionActivationListener,Serializable{privateString id;privateString name;publicString getId() {returnid;

}public voidsetId(String id) {this.id =id;

}publicString getName() {returnname;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}

@Override//钝化

public voidsessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {

System.out.println("customer被钝化了");

}

@Override//活化

public voidsessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {

System.out.println("customer被活化了");

}

}

测试钝化类:

packagelistener;importjava.io.IOException;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSession;public class TestCustomerActiveServlet extendsHttpServlet {protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {

HttpSession session=request.getSession();//将customer放到session中

Customer customer =newCustomer();

customer.setId("200");

customer.setName("lucy");

session.setAttribute("customer", customer);

System.out.println("customer被放到session域中了");

}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {

doGet(request, response);

}

}

当访问TestCustomerActiveServlet 之后,停止服务器,就会被钝化,钝化的文件存在tomcat的work文件加下。

活化类:

packagelistener;importjava.io.IOException;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpSession;public class TestCustomerActiveServlet2 extendsHttpServlet {protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {//从session域中获得customer

HttpSession session =request.getSession();

Customer customer= (Customer) session.getAttribute("customer");

System.out.println(customer.getName());

}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException {

doGet(request, response);

}

}

服务器再次启动,访问TestCustomerActiveServlet2之后,就会被活化。可以通过配置文件,指定对象钝化时间(对象多长时间不用被钝化)

在META-INF下创建一个context.xml

邮箱服务器

邮件的客户端:可以只安装在电脑上的也可以是网页形式的;邮件服务器:起到邮件的接受与推送的作用

邮件发送的协议:

协议:就是数据传输的约束。接受邮件的协议:POP3 IMAP;发送邮件的协议:SMTP

8afb58e211c67bb5dc912b47458ccbe9.png

邮箱的发送过程

26e8043003e5ca50817130561e3fca9a.png

邮箱服务器的安装

双击邮箱服务器软件

f61631b4dff8fc448326a96af3e85fcd.png

对邮箱服务器进行配置

4e854425e3c99729efa3c6d27cf7b297.png

92b0b268be50b51ac8e19580c280fd2f.png

9c67630887783c320849b42905075d0b.png

84814bb6b5fc63f68d5ed77968aedcd1.png

fbf9291fb3378f44e4092d44f32a1d80.png

邮箱客户端的安装

14bb37362d1a73f7af82b34c17e73fac.png

866fed4ff81a3f265deaa8964b7901cc.png

7aa86a686ee6254b6f55d5a119dfb392.png

d948e4d4f3bd0125b29bde7180c2ad2b.png

邮件发送代码

packagecom.itheima.mail;importjava.util.Properties;importjavax.mail.Authenticator;importjavax.mail.Message;importjavax.mail.MessagingException;importjavax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;importjavax.mail.Session;importjavax.mail.Transport;importjavax.mail.internet.AddressException;importjavax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;importjavax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;importjavax.mail.internet.MimeMessage.RecipientType;public classMailUtils {//email:邮件发给谁 subject:主题 emailMsg:邮件的内容

public static voidsendMail(String email, String subject, String emailMsg)throwsAddressException, MessagingException {//1.创建一个程序与邮件服务器会话对象 Session

Properties props = newProperties();

props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "SMTP");//发邮件的协议

props.setProperty("mail.host", "localhost");//发送邮件的服务器地址

props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");//指定验证为true//创建验证器

Authenticator auth = newAuthenticator() {publicPasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {return new PasswordAuthentication("tom", "12345");//发邮件的账号的验证

}

};

Session session=Session.getInstance(props, auth);//2.创建一个Message,它相当于是邮件内容

Message message = newMimeMessage(session);

message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("tom@itheima32.com")); //设置发送者

message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(email)); //设置发送方式与接收者

message.setSubject(subject);//邮件的主题

message.setContent(emailMsg,"text/html;charset=utf-8");//3.创建 Transport用于将邮件发送

Transport.send(message);

}

}

测试代码:

packagecom.itheima.mail;importjavax.mail.MessagingException;importjavax.mail.internet.AddressException;public classSendMailTest {public static void main(String[] args) throwsAddressException, MessagingException {

MailUtils.sendMail("lucy@itheima32.com", "测试邮件","这是一封测试邮件");

}

}

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