So I am creating a HSSFSheet having a background bitmap set using apache poi and own low level code. The https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf declares for the Record BITMAP, BIFF8:
Pixel data (array of height lines of the bitmap, from bottom line to top line, see below)
...
In each line all pixels are written from left to right. Each pixel is stored as 3-byte array: the red, green, and blue component of the colour of the pixel, in this order. The size of each line is aligned to multiples of 4 by inserting zero bytes after the last pixel.
See picture of the PDF for complete declaration:
For fulfilling this my approach is using java.awt.image.BufferedImage having type BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR. Then getting all bytes R G B from that BufferedImage's raster in correct order (from bottom line to top line) and filled up up to multiple of 4 in width (x direction).
See code:
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.RecordBase;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.StandardRecord;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.model.InternalSheet;
import org.apache.poi.util.LittleEndianOutput;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
public class CreateExcelHSSFSheetBackgroundBitmap {
static List getBackgroundBitmapData(String filePath) throws Exception {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - BITMAP
List data = new ArrayList();
// get file byte data in type BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR
BufferedImage in = ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(filePath));
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(in.getWidth(), in.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
Graphics2D graphics = image.createGraphics();
graphics.drawImage(in, null, 0, 0);
graphics.dispose();
short width = (short)image.getWidth();
short height = (short)image.getHeight();
// each pixel has 3 bytes but the width bytes must be filled up to multiple of 4
int widthBytesMultOf4 = (int)((width * 3 + 3) / 4 * 4);
// --- this part takes much time but I have not found any better possibility
// put the bytes R G B into the data; lines of the bitmap must be from bottom line to top line
int bytes = 0;
for (short y = (short)(height - 1); y >= 0; y--) {
for (short x = 0; x < width; x++) {
int r = image.getData().getSample(x, y, 2);
data.add(Byte.valueOf((byte)r));
bytes++;
int g = image.getData().getSample(x, y, 1);
data.add(Byte.valueOf((byte)g));
bytes++;
int b = image.getData().getSample(x, y, 0);
data.add(Byte.valueOf((byte)b));
bytes++;
}
// fill up x with 0 bytes up to multiple of 4
for (int x = width * 3; x < widthBytesMultOf4; x++) {
data.add(Byte.valueOf((byte)0));
bytes++;
}
}
// ---
// size 12 bytes (additional headers, see below) + picture bytes
int size = 12 + bytes;
// get size int as LITTLE_ENDIAN bytes
ByteBuffer bSize = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
bSize.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
bSize.putInt(size);
// get width short as LITTLE_ENDIAN bytes
ByteBuffer bWidth = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
bWidth.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
bWidth.putShort(width);
// get height short as LITTLE_ENDIAN bytes
ByteBuffer bHeight = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
bHeight.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
bHeight.putShort(height);
// put the record headers into the data
Byte[] dataPart = new Byte[] { 0x09, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
bSize.array()[0], bSize.array()[1], bSize.array()[2], bSize.array()[3], // size
//now 12 bytes follow
0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
bWidth.array()[0], bWidth.array()[1], // width
bHeight.array()[0], bHeight.array()[1], // height
0x01, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00
};
data.addAll(0, Arrays.asList(dataPart));
return data;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet2"); // this sheet gets the background image set
// we need the binary records of the sheet
// get InternalSheet
Field _sheet = HSSFSheet.class.getDeclaredField("_sheet");
_sheet.setAccessible(true);
InternalSheet internalsheet = (InternalSheet)_sheet.get(sheet);
// get List of RecordBase
Field _records = InternalSheet.class.getDeclaredField("_records");
_records.setAccessible(true);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List records = (List)_records.get(internalsheet);
// get bytes of the image file
List data = getBackgroundBitmapData("dummyText.png"); //PNG must not have transparency
// do creating BitmapRecord and ContinueRecords from the data in parts of 8220 bytes
BitmapRecord bitmapRecord = null;
List continueRecords = new ArrayList();
int bytes = 0;
if (data.size() > 8220) {
bitmapRecord = new BitmapRecord(data.subList(0, 8220));
bytes = 8220;
while (bytes < data.size()) {
if ((bytes + 8220) < data.size()) {
continueRecords.add(new ContinueRecord(data.subList(bytes, bytes + 8220)));
bytes += 8220;
} else {
continueRecords.add(new ContinueRecord(data.subList(bytes, data.size())));
break;
}
}
} else {
bitmapRecord = new BitmapRecord(data);
}
// add the records after PageSettingsBlock
int i = 0;
for (RecordBase r : records) {
if (r instanceof org.apache.poi.hssf.record.aggregates.PageSettingsBlock) {
break;
}
i++;
}
records.add(++i, bitmapRecord);
for (ContinueRecord continueRecord : continueRecords) {
records.add(++i, continueRecord);
}
// debug output
for (RecordBase r : internalsheet.getRecords()) {
System.out.println(r);
}
// write out workbook
workbook.write(new FileOutputStream("CreateExcelHSSFSheetBackgroundBitmap.xls"));
workbook.close();
}
static class BitmapRecord extends StandardRecord {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - BITMAP
List data = new ArrayList();
BitmapRecord(List data) {
this.data = data;
}
public int getDataSize() {
return data.size();
}
public short getSid() {
return (short)0x00E9;
}
public void serialize(LittleEndianOutput out) {
for (Byte b : data) {
out.writeByte(b);
}
}
}
static class ContinueRecord extends StandardRecord {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - CONTINUE
List data = new ArrayList();
ContinueRecord(List data) {
this.data = data;
}
public int getDataSize() {
return data.size();
}
public short getSid() {
return (short)0x003C;
}
public void serialize(LittleEndianOutput out) {
for (Byte b : data) {
out.writeByte(b);
}
}
}
}
The code works but the part between
// --- this part takes much time but I have not found any better possibility
and
// ---
takes much time since 3 bytes R G B for each single pixel needs to be got for getting them according to the above strange format.
Does anyone knows of a better approach? Maybe the above strange format is not as strange as I think it is and there are already other usages of it?
解决方案
Here's a modified version of your code that works for me, AND is pretty fast.
I'm using byte[] (and ByteArrayOutputStream) all around, no more List.
As we already have a BufferedImage of TYPE_3BYTE_BGR, we can use that almost directly as the BMP output. We just need to a) prepend a valid BMP header and b) write bottom-up, c) pad each scanline (row) to a 32 bit boundary and d) switch BGR -> RGB order.
I'm using the Raster to copy (padded) rows of data into the output, as copying larger chunks is faster than copying single bytes.
As already noted in the comments, the structure is a standard BMP with BITMAPCOREHEADER (and no file header). Unfortunately, the ImageIO BMPImageWriter always write the file header and uses the BITMAPINFOHEADER which is 40 bytes. You could probably get around these things, and use the standard writer, by massaging the data a little (hint: the file header contains an offset to the pixel data at offset 10), but as the core BMP format is trivial to implement, it might be just as easy to do as below.
While the documentation certainly implies that using other formats like PNG and JPEG directly, I haven't managed to do this properly.
There's probably still room for improvement if you like, to avoid some byte array copying (ie. use offset/length and pass the entire data array to the Bitmap/ContinueRecords instead of Arrays.copyOfRange()).
Code:
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.Raster;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.model.InternalSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.RecordBase;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.StandardRecord;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.util.LittleEndianOutput;
public class CreateExcelHSSFSheetBackgroundBitmap {
static byte[] getBackgroundBitmapData(String filePath) throws Exception {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - BITMAP
// get file byte data in type BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR
BufferedImage in = ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(filePath));
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(in.getWidth(), in.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
Graphics2D graphics = image.createGraphics();
graphics.drawImage(in, null, 0, 0);
graphics.dispose();
// calculate row size (c)
int rowSize = ((24 * image.getWidth() + 31) / 32) * 4;
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(image.getHeight() * rowSize * 3 + 1024);
// put the record headers into the data
ByteBuffer header = ByteBuffer.allocate(8 + 12);
header.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
// Undocumented XLS stuff
header.putShort((short) 0x09);
header.putShort((short) 0x01);
header.putInt(image.getHeight() * rowSize + 12); // Size of image stream
// BITMAPCOREHEADER (a)
header.putInt(12);
header.putShort((short) image.getWidth());
header.putShort((short) image.getHeight()); // Use -height if writing top-down
header.putShort((short) 1); // planes, always 1
header.putShort((short) 24); // bitcount
output.write(header.array());
// Output rows bottom-up (b)
Raster raster = image.getRaster()
.createChild(0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), 0, 0, new int[]{2, 1, 0}); // Reverse BGR -> RGB (d)
byte[] row = new byte[rowSize]; // padded (c)
for (int i = image.getHeight() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
row = (byte[]) raster.getDataElements(0, i, image.getWidth(), 1, row);
output.write(row);
}
return output.toByteArray();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet2"); // this sheet gets the background image set
// we need the binary records of the sheet
// get InternalSheet
Field _sheet = HSSFSheet.class.getDeclaredField("_sheet");
_sheet.setAccessible(true);
InternalSheet internalsheet = (InternalSheet)_sheet.get(sheet);
// get List of RecordBase
Field _records = InternalSheet.class.getDeclaredField("_records");
_records.setAccessible(true);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List records = (List)_records.get(internalsheet);
// get bytes of the image file
byte[] data = getBackgroundBitmapData("dummy.png"); //PNG must not have transparency
// do creating BitmapRecord and ContinueRecords from the data in parts of 8220 bytes
BitmapRecord bitmapRecord;
List continueRecords = new ArrayList<>();
int bytes;
if (data.length > 8220) {
bitmapRecord = new BitmapRecord(Arrays.copyOfRange(data, 0, 8220));
bytes = 8220;
while (bytes < data.length) {
if ((bytes + 8220) < data.length) {
continueRecords.add(new ContinueRecord(Arrays.copyOfRange(data, bytes, bytes + 8220)));
bytes += 8220;
} else {
continueRecords.add(new ContinueRecord(Arrays.copyOfRange(data, bytes, data.length)));
break;
}
}
} else {
bitmapRecord = new BitmapRecord(data);
}
// add the records after PageSettingsBlock
int i = 0;
for (RecordBase r : records) {
if (r instanceof org.apache.poi.hssf.record.aggregates.PageSettingsBlock) {
break;
}
i++;
}
records.add(++i, bitmapRecord);
for (ContinueRecord continueRecord : continueRecords) {
records.add(++i, continueRecord);
}
// debug output
for (RecordBase r : internalsheet.getRecords()) {
System.out.println(r);
}
// write out workbook
workbook.write(new FileOutputStream("backgroundImage.xls"));
workbook.close();
}
static class BitmapRecord extends StandardRecord {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - BITMAP
byte[] data;
BitmapRecord(byte[] data) {
this.data = data;
}
public int getDataSize() {
return data.length;
}
public short getSid() {
return (short)0x00E9;
}
public void serialize(LittleEndianOutput out) {
out.write(data);
}
}
static class ContinueRecord extends StandardRecord {
//see https://www.openoffice.org/sc/excelfileformat.pdf - CONTINUE
byte[] data;
ContinueRecord(byte[] data) {
this.data = data;
}
public int getDataSize() {
return data.length;
}
public short getSid() {
return (short)0x003C;
}
public void serialize(LittleEndianOutput out) {
out.write(data);
}
}
}
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