class Publisher(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) def __str__(self): return "我是一个出版社对象:{}".format(self.name) class Book(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, default=99.99) # 库存数 kucun = models.IntegerField(default=1000) # 卖出数 maichu = models.IntegerField(default=0) title = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 外键 # related_name="books" 反向查询是用来代替 book_set的 publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher",on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="books", related_query_name="xxoo", null=True) def __str__(self): return self.title class Author(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) books = models.ManyToManyField(to="Book") def __str__(self): return self.name class FixedCharField(models.Field): """ 自定义的char类型的字段类 """ def __init__(self, max_length, *args, **kwargs): self.max_length = max_length super(FixedCharField, self).__init__(max_length=max_length, *args, **kwargs) def db_type(self, connection): """ 限定生成数据库表的字段类型为char,长度为max_length指定的值 """ return 'char(%s)' % self.max_length class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField(default=18) birthday = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True) def __str__(self): return "<Person Object:{}>".format(self.name) *************************************************************************************************************** import os if __name__ == '__main__': # 加载Django项目的配置信息 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ormday69.settings") # 导入Django,并启动Django项目 import django django.setup() from app01 import models # # 查询所有的人 # ret = models.Person.objects.all() # print(ret) # # get查询 # ret = models.Person.objects.get(name="张龙平") # print(ret) # # filter # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(id=100) # 不存在返回一个空的QuerySet,不会报错 # print(ret) # # 就算查询的结果只有一个,返回的也是QuerySet,我们要用索引的方式取出第一个元素 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(id=1)[0] # print(ret) # print("exclude".center(80, "*")) # # exclude # ret = models.Person.objects.exclude(id=1) # print(ret) # print("values".center(80, "*")) # # values 返回一个QuerySet对象,里面都是字典。 不写字段名,默认查询所有字段 # ret = models.Person.objects.values("name", "birthday") # print(ret) # print("values_list".center(80, "*")) # # values_list 返回一个QuerySet对象,里面都是元祖。 不写字段名,默认查询所有字段 # ret = models.Person.objects.values_list() # print(ret) # print("order_by".center(80, "*")) # # order_by 按照指定的字段排序 # ret = models.Person.objects.all().order_by("birthday") # print(ret) # print("reverse".center(80, "*")) # # reverse 将一个有序的QuerySet 反转顺序 # # 对有序的QuerySet才能调用reverse # ret = models.Person.objects.all().order_by("birthday").reverse() # print(ret) # print("count".center(80, "*")) # # count 返回QuerySet中对象的数量 # ret = models.Person.objects.all().count() # print(ret) # print("first".center(80, "*")) # # first 返回QuerySet中第一个对象 # ret = models.Person.objects.all().first() # print(ret) # print("last".center(80, "*")) # # last 返回QuerySet中最后一个对象 # # ret = models.Person.objects.all().last() # print(ret) # print("exists".center(80, "*")) # # exists 判断表里有没有数据 # ret = models.Book.objects.exists() # print(ret) # 单表查询之神奇的双下划线 # # 查询id值大于1小于4的结果 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(id__gt=1, id__lt=4) # print(ret) # # in # # 查询 id 在 [1, 3, 5, 7]中的结果 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(id__in=[1, 3, 5, 7]) # print(ret) # ret = models.Person.objects.exclude(id__in=[1, 3, 5, 7]) # print(ret) # # contains 字段包含指定值的 # # icontains 忽略大小写包含指定值 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(name__contains="平") # print(ret) # # range # # 判断id值在 哪个区间的 SQL语句中的between and 1<= <=3 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(id__range=[1,3]) # print(ret) # # 日期和时间字段还可以有以下写法 # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(birthday__year=2000) # print(ret) # ret = models.Person.objects.filter(birthday__year=2000, birthday__month=5) # print(ret) # 外键的查询操作 # 正向查询 # 基于对象 跨表查询 # book_obj = models.Book.objects.all().first() # ret = book_obj.publisher # 和我这本书关联的出版社对象 # print(ret, type(ret)) # ret = book_obj.publisher.name # 和我这本书关联的出版社对象 # print(ret, type(ret)) # 查询id是1的书的出版社的名称 # 利用双下划线 跨表查询 # 双下划线就表示跨了一张表 # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(id=1).values_list("publisher__name") # print(ret) # 反向查询 # 1. 基于对象查询 # publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=1) # 得到一个具体的对象 # # ret = publisher_obj.book_set.all() # ret = publisher_obj.books.all() # 用这个必须表字段中加 related_name="books" # print(ret) # # # 2. 基于双下划线 #ret = models.Publisher.objects.filter(id=1).values_list("books__title") # ret = models.Publisher.objects.filter(id=1).values_list("xxoo__title") # print(ret) # # # 多对多 # # 查询 # author_obj = models.Author.objects.first() # print(author_obj.name) # #查询金老板写过的书 # ret = author_obj.books.all() # # print(author_obj.books, type(author_obj.books)) # print(ret) # 1. create # 通过作者创建一本书,会自动保存 # 做了两件事: # 1. 在book表里面创建一本新书,2. 在作者和书的关系表中添加关联记录 # author_obj.books.create(title="金老板自传", publisher_id=2) # 2. add # 在金老板关联的书里面,再加一本id是4的书 # book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=4) # author_obj.books.add(book_obj) # 添加多个 # book_objs = models.Book.objects.filter(id__gt=5) # author_obj.books.add(*book_objs) # 要把列表打散再传进去 # 直接添加id # author_obj.books.add(9) # remove # 从金老板关联的书里面把 开飞船 删掉 # book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(title="跟金老板学开飞船") # author_obj.books.remove(book_obj) # 从金老板关联的书里面把 id是8的记录 删掉 # author_obj.books.remove(8) # clear # 清空 # 把景女神 关联的所有书都删掉 # jing_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=2) # jing_obj.books.clear() # 额外补充的,外键的反向操作 # 找到id是1的出版社 # publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=2) # publisher_obj.books.clear() # 聚合 from django.db.models import Avg, Sum, Max, Min, Count # ret = models.Book.objects.all().aggregate(price_avg=Avg("price")) #price_avg 自己定义的 # print(ret) # # ret = models.Book.objects.all().aggregate(price_avg=Avg("price"), price_max=Max("price"), price_min=Min("price")) # print(ret) # print(ret.get("price_max"), type(ret.get("price_max"))) # 分组查询 # 查询每一本书的作者个数 # ret = models.Book.objects.all().annotate(author_num=Count("author")) # # print(ret) # for book in ret: # print("书名:{},作者数量:{}".format(book.title, book.author_num)) # 查询作者数量大于1的书 # ret = models.Book.objects.all().annotate(author_num=Count("author")).filter(author_num__gt=1) # print(ret) # 查询各个作者出的书的总价格 # ret = models.Author.objects.all().annotate(price_sum=Sum("books__price")).values_list("name", "price_sum") # ret = models.Author.objects.all().annotate(price_sum=Sum("books__price")) # print(ret) # for i in ret: # print(i, i.name, i.price_sum) # print(ret.values_list("id", "name", "price_sum")) # F和Q # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=9.99) # print(ret) # 查询出 库存数 大于 卖出数的 所有书(两个字段做比较) from django.db.models import F # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(kucun__gt=F("maichu")) # print(ret) # 刷单 把每一本书的卖出数都乘以3 # obj = models.Book.objects.first() # obj.maichu = 1000 * 3 # obj.save() # 具体的对象没有update(),QuerySet对象才有update()方法。 # models.Book.objects.update(maichu=(F("maichu")+1)*3) # 给每一本书的书名后面加上 第一版 # from django.db.models.functions import Concat # from django.db.models import Value # # models.Book.objects.update(title=Concat(F("title"), Value("第一版"))) # Q查询 from django.db.models import Q # 查询 卖出数大于1000,并且 价格小于100的所有书 # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(maichu__gt=1000, price__lt=100) # print(ret) # 查询 卖出数大于1000,或者 价格小于100的所有书 # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(maichu__gt=1000) | Q(price__lt=100)) # print(ret) # Q查询和字段查询同时存在时, 字段查询要放在Q查询的后面 # ret = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(maichu__gt=1000) | Q(price__lt=100), title__contains="金老板") # print(ret)
django 过滤查询语句
最新推荐文章于 2023-02-24 20:12:56 发布