正则表达式与mysql有何关系,MySQL使用正则表达式方法

介绍

正则表达式用来描述或者匹配符合规则的字符串。它的用法和like比较相似，但是它又比like更强大，能够实现一些很特殊的规则匹配；正则表达式需要使用REGEXP命令，匹配上返回"1"匹配不上返回"0"，REGEXP相当于like '%%'。

命令

说明

^

在字符的开启处进行匹配

$

在字符的末尾处进行匹配

.

匹配任何字符(包括回车和新行)

[….]

匹配括号内的任意单个字符

[m-n]

匹配m到n之间的任意单个字符，例如[0-9],[a-z],[A-Z]

[^..]

不能匹配括号内的任意单个字符

a*

匹配0个或多个a,包括空

a+

匹配一个或多个a,不包括空

a?

匹配一个或0个a

a1| a2

匹配a1或a2

a{m}

匹配m个a

a{m,}

匹配m个或者更多个a

a{m,n}

匹配m到n个a

a{,n}

匹配0到n个a

(….)

将模式元素组成单一元素，例如(do)*意思是匹配0个多或多个do

^

在字符串开始处进行匹配

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '^a';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '^a' |

+-------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

$

在字符串末尾开始匹配

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'a$';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP 'a$' |

+-------------------+

| 0 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.01sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'c$';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP 'c$' |

+-------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

.

匹配任意字符

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.a';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '.a' |

+-------------------+

| 0 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.b';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '.b' |

+-------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '.c';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '.c' |

+-------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'a.';+-------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP 'a.' |

+-------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[...]

匹配括号内的任意单个字符

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[xyz]';+----------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '[xyz]' |

+----------------------+

| 0 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[xaz]';+----------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '[xaz]' |

+----------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[^...]:注意^符合只有在[]内才是取反的意思，在别的地方都是表示开始处匹配

匹配不出括号没的任意个字符，注意：REGEXP 前的匹配字符作为一个整体

mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP '[^abc]';+---------------------+

| 'a' REGEXP '[^abc]' |

+---------------------+

| 0 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'x' REGEXP '[^abc]';+---------------------+

| 'x' REGEXP '[^abc]' |

+---------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT 'abc' REGEXP '[^a]';+---------------------+

| 'abc' REGEXP '[^a]' |

+---------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

'abc'作为一个整体，所以它匹配不了a

a*

匹配0个或多个a,包括空字符串。

mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta*b';

+-----------------------+

| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta*b' |

+-----------------------+

| 1 |

+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta*b';

+----------------------+

| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta*b' |

+----------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT '' REGEXP 'a*';+----------------+

| '' REGEXP 'a*' |

+----------------+

| 1 |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a+

匹配1个或者多个a,但是不包括空字符

mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta+b';+-----------------------+

| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta+b' |

+-----------------------+

| 1 |

+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta+b';+----------------------+

| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta+b' |

+----------------------+

| 0 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a?

匹配0个或者1个a

mysql> SELECT 'stb' REGEXP '.ta?b';+----------------------+

| 'stb' REGEXP '.ta?b' |

+----------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'stab' REGEXP '.ta?b';+-----------------------+

| 'stab' REGEXP '.ta?b' |

+-----------------------+

| 1 |

+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'staab' REGEXP '.ta?b';+------------------------+

| 'staab' REGEXP '.ta?b' |

+------------------------+

| 0 |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a1|a2

匹配a1或者a2，

mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP 'a|b';+------------------+

| 'a' REGEXP 'a|b' |

+------------------+

| 1 |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'b' REGEXP 'a|b';+------------------+

| 'b' REGEXP 'a|b' |

+------------------+

| 1 |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'b' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+

| 'b' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |

+---------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'a' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+

| 'a' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |

+---------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'c' REGEXP '^(a|b)';+---------------------+

| 'c' REGEXP '^(a|b)' |

+---------------------+

| 0 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意：^符合只有在[]内才是取反的意思，在别的地方都是表示开始处匹配

a{m}

匹配m个a

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4}c';+--------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4}c' |

+--------------------------+

| 1 |

+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3}c';+--------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3}c' |

+--------------------------+

| 0 |

+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a{m,}

匹配m个或者更多个a

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,}c';+---------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,}c' |

+---------------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,}c';+---------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,}c' |

+---------------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,}c';+---------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,}c' |

+---------------------------+

| 0 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a{m,n}

匹配m到n个a,包含m和n

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,5}c';+----------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{3,5}c' |

+----------------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,5}c';+----------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{4,5}c' |

+----------------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,10}c';+-----------------------------+

| 'auuuuc' REGEXP 'au{5,10}c' |

+-----------------------------+

| 0 |

+-----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

a{,n}

这个暂时还没有测出来，意思应该不是匹配0到n个a,如果是表达0到n个a也可以用{0,n}代替

(abc)

将abc作为一个序列匹配，不用括号括起来都是用单个字符去匹配，如果要把多个字符作为一个整体去匹配就需要用到括号，所以括号适合上面的所有情况。

mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(abab)y';+----------------------------+

| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(abab)y' |

+----------------------------+

| 1 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab)*y';+---------------------------+

| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab)*y' |

+---------------------------+

| 1 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> SELECT 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab){1,2}y';+-------------------------------+

| 'xababy' REGEXP 'x(ab){1,2}y' |

+-------------------------------+

| 1 |

+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

总结

特别要注意最后的()的命令，如果不使用()那么所有的都是指单个字符去做匹配，如果需要使用多个字符作为一个整体去匹配就需要将多个字符使用()给括起来