python中for循环运行不起,导入后的for循环在Python一线式中不起作用

If I use import and a for follows afterwards I get an invalid syntax error. I have no idea why this happens.

> python3 -c 'import os; for a in range(1,5): print(a)'

File "", line 1

import os; for a in range(1,5): print(a)

^

Removing the import works fine:

> python3 -c 'for a in range(1,5): print(a)'

1

2

3

4

or totally removing the for loop:

> python3 -c 'import os; print(10)'

10

So what's going on??

解决方案

It's an error because it's not in the Python grammar.

If you check out the syntax specification for compound statements, you'll see that a statement list (i.e. what you're making with the semicolon) is defined as:

stmt_list ::= simple_stmt (";" simple_stmt)* [";"]

and the for construct is not a simple_stmt, but instead is a compound_stmt.

The print(10), however, is a simple_stmt and, as such, is just fine.