MERGE是用来一次操作实现INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE的复合语句。
语法:
MERGE INTO TABLE/VIEW USING (TABLE/VIEW/SUBQUERY) ON (condition)
[WHEN METCHED THEN UPDATE SET COLUMN=expr/DEFAULT [WHERE condition]
[DELETE WHERE condition]]
[WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT [(column,...)] VALUES(v,...) [WHERE condition]]
[LOG ERRORS [ INTO TABLE (...)] [REJECT LIMIT num/UNLIMITED]]
说明:
1、更新视图时不能使用DEFAULT值。
2、不能更新ON中的关联字段。
3、MERGE INTO的视图必须是可更新视图,参看http://my.oschina.net/hulubo/blog/53570中视图的限制。
例子:
MERGE INTO bonuses D
USING (SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80) S
ON (D.employee_id = S.employee_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET D.bonus = D.bonus + S.salary*.01
DELETE WHERE (S.salary > 8000)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (D.employee_id, D.bonus)
VALUES (S.employee_id, S.salary*0.1)
WHERE (S.salary <= 8000);
在update语句中,通常只能update一张表,对于多表关联更新,update语句限制关联字段必须有惟一索引。
例如:
update (select a.city_name,b.city_name as new_name
from customers a,
tmp_cust_city b
where b.customer_id=a.customer_id
)
set city_name=new_name
现在,可以使用merge来实现这个功能:
MERGE INTO a USING b ON (b.customer_id=a.customer_id )
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET a.city_name=b.city_name