barrons ap计算机科学,巴朗AP心理学Barrons AP Psychology, 5th Edition-121-160.pdf

巴朗AP心理学Barrons AP Psychology, 5th Edition-121-160

Deafness

An understanding of how hearing works explains hearing problems as well. Conduction deafness

occurs when something goes wrong with the system of conducting the sound to the cochlea (in the ear

canal, eardrum, hammer/anvil/stirrup, or oval window). For example, my mother-in-law has a medical

condition that is causing her stirrup to deteriorate slowly. Eventually, she will need surgery to replace

that bone in order to hear well. Nerve (or sensorineural) deafness occurs when the hair cells in the

cochlea are damaged, usually by loud noise. If you have ever been to a concert, football game, or other

event loud enough to leave your ears ringing, chances are you came close to or did cause permanent

damage to your hearing. Prolonged exposure to noise that loud can permanently damage the hair cells

in your cochlea, and these hair cells do not regenerate. Nerve deafness is much more difficult to treat

since no method has been found that will encourage the hair cells to regenerate.

Touch

When our skin is indented, pierced, or experiences a change in temperature, our sense of touch is

activated by this energy. We have many different types of nerve endings in every patch of skin, and

the exact relationship between these different types of nerve endings and the sense of touch is not

completely understood. Some nerve endings respond to pressure while others respond to temperature.

We do know that our brain interprets the amount of indentation (or temperature change) as the

intensity of the touch, from a light touch to a hard blow. We also sense placement of the touch by the

place on our body where the nerve endings fire. Also, nerve endings are more concentrated in different

parts of our body. If we want to feel something, we usually use our fingertip, an area of high nerve

concentration, rather than the back of our