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function Jitter = Pn2Jitter(f, Lf, fc)

%

% Summary: Jitter (RMS) calculation from phase noise vs. frequency data.

%

% Calculates RMS jitter by integrating phase noise power data.

%  Phase noise data can be derived from graphical information or an

%  actual measurement data file.

%

% Usage:

%   Jitter = Pn2Jitter(f, Lf, fc)

% Inputs:

%   f:  Frequency vector (phase noise break points), in Hz, row or column.

%   Lf: Phase noise vector, in dBc/Hz, same dimensions, size(), as f.

%   fc: Carrier frequency, in Hz, a scalar.

% Output:

%   Jitter: RMS jitter, in seconds.

%

% Examples:

%  [1]   >> f = [10^0 10^1 10^3 10^4  10^6]; Lf = [-39 -73 -122 -131 -149];

%        >> Jitter = Pn2Jitter(f, Lf, 70e6)

%             Jitter = 2.3320e-011

%       Comparing fordahl application note AN-02-3{*} and jittertime.com{+}

%         calculations at fc = 70MHz

%        Pn2Jitter.m:                    23.320ps

%        AN-02-3 (graphical method):     21.135ps

%        AN-02-3 (numerical method):     24.11ps

%        Aeroflex PN9000 computation:    24.56ps

%        JitterTime.com calculation:     23.32ps

%

%

%

%  [2]   >> f =  [10^2 10^3 10^4 10^5 10^6 10^7 4.6*10^9];

%        >> Lf = [-82  -80  -77  -112 -134 -146 -146    ]; format long

%        >> Jitter = Pn2Jitter(f, Lf, 2.25e9)

%             Jitter = 1.566598599875678e-012

%       Comparing ADI application note{$} calculations at fc = 2.25GHz

%        Pn2Jitter.m:  1.56659859987568ps

%        MT-008:       1.57ps

%        Raltron {&}:  1.56659857673259ps

%        JitterTime:   1.529ps--excluding the (4.6GHz, -146) data point,

%                               as 1GHz is the maximum allowed

%    {$} Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) application note MT-008:

%                        "Converting Oscillator Phase Noise to Time Jitter"

%

%    {&} Raltron web RMS Phase Jitter calculator:

%                                       "Convert SSB phase noise to jitter"

%

%           Note:  Raltron is restricted to f(min) = 10Hz;

%                  therefore it cannot be used in this example [1].

%

%  [3]   >> f = [10^2 10^3 10^4  200*10^6]; Lf = [-125 -150 -174 -174];

%        >> Jitter = Pn2Jitter(f, Lf, 100e6)

%             Jitter = 6.4346e-014

%       Comparing ADI application note{$} calculations at fc = 100MHz

%        Pn2Jitter.m: 0.064346ps

%        MT-008:      0.064ps

%        JitterTime:  0.065ps

%

% Note:

%   f and Lf must be the same length, lest you get an error and this

%         Improbable Result:  Jitter = 42 + 42i.

%

%  (A spreadsheet, noise.xls, is available from Wenzel Associates, Inc. at

%   @, "Allan Variance from Phase Noise."

%   It requires as input tangents to the plotted measured phase noise data,

%   with slopes of 1/(f^n)--not the actual data itself--for the

%   calculation.  The app. note from fordahl discusses this method, in

%   addition to numerical, to calculate jitter.  This graphical straight-

%   line approximation integration technique tends to underestimate total

%   RMS jitter.)

%

%  [4]   Data can also be imported directly from an Aeroflex PN9000 ASCII

%         file, after removing extraneous text.  How to do it:

%        (1) In Excel, import the PN9000 data file as Tab-delimited data,

%        (2) Remove superfluous columns and first 3 rows, leaving 2 columns

%             with frequency (Hz) and Lf (dBc/Hz) data only.

%             (With the new PN9000 as of April 2006, only the first row

%             is to be removed, and there are only two columns.

%             I may take advantage of this in an updated version of this

%              program,thereby eliminating the need to edit the data),

%        (3) Save As -> Text (MS-DOS) (*.txt), e.g., a:\Stuff.txt,

%        (4) At the MATLAB Command Window prompt:

%             >> load 'a:\Stuff.txt' -ascii

%            Now Stuff is a MATLAB workspace variable with the

%             phase noise data,

%        (5) >> Pn2Jitter(Stuff(:,1), Stuff(:,2), fc);

%              (assuming fc has been defined)

%       One 10MHz carrier data set resulted in the following:

%        Pn2Jitter.m:         368.33fs

%        PN9000 calculation:  375fs

%

% Runs at least as far back as MATLAB version 5.3 (R11.1).

%

% Copyright (c) 2005 by Arne Buck, Axolotol Design, Inc. Friday 13 May 2005

%   arne   (d 0 t)   buck   [a +]   alum   {D o +}   mit   (d 0 +}   e d  u

%   $Revision: 1.2 $  $Date: 2005/05/13 23:42:42 $

%

% License to use and modify this code is granted freely, without warranty,

%  to all as long as the original author is referenced and attributed

%  as such.  The original author maintains the right to be solely

%  associated with this work.  So there.

% Bug fixes to resolve problematic data resulting in division by 0, or

%  excessive exponents beyond MATLAB's capability of realmin (2.2251e-308)

%  and realmax (1.7977e+308); no demonstrable effect on jitter calculation

% AB 18May2005 Fix /0 bug for *exactly* -10.000dB difference in adjacent Lf

% AB 24May2005 Fix large and small exponents resulting from PN9000 data

% AB 11May2007 Improve documentation, update URLs

% AB  5May2008 Verify and update URLs

tic

%%  It's almost nine o'clock.  We've got to go to work.

L = length(Lf);

if L == length(f)

% Fix ill-conditioned data.

I=find(diff(Lf) == -10); Lf(I) = Lf(I) + I/10^6; % Diddle adjacent Lf with

% a diff=-10.00dB, avoid ai:/0

% Just say "No" to For loops.

lp = L - 1; Lfm = Lf(1:lp); LfM = Lf(2:L); % m~car+, M=cdr

fm  = f(1:lp); fM = f(2:L);  ai = (LfM-Lfm) ./ (log10(fM) - log10(fm));

% Cull out problematic fine-sieve data from the PN9000.

Iinf = find( (fm.^(-ai/10) == inf) | fm.^(-ai/10)<10^(-300)); % Find Inf

fm(Iinf) = []; fM(Iinf-1) = []; Lfm(Iinf) = []; LfM(Iinf-1) = [];

ai(Iinf) = []; f(Iinf) = []; Lf(Iinf) = [];

% Where's the beef?

Jitter = ...

1/(2*pi*fc)*sqrt(2*sum( 10.^(Lfm/10) .* (fm.^(-ai/10)) ./ (ai/10+1)...

.* (fM.^(ai/10+1) - fm.^(ai/10+1)) ));

else

disp('> > Oops!');

disp('> > > The f&Lf vector lengths are unequal.  Where''s the data?')

Jitter = sqrt(sqrt(-12446784));

end % if L

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