signature=281efb4fed1e3f40cfef8bd62cdbb45b,article 6442 3432e4cfe841c6a5d1bd6581aef5f3b1

摘要：

at the peripheral level and in the central nervous system. The main features of neurological damage during diabetes are impaired cognitive functions, memory impairment, and decreased learning (Zenker, Ziegler, & Chrast, 2013). Oxidative stress causes neuronal damages in 60% of diabetic population (Maritim, Sanders & Watkins, 2003). In this relation, the cortex and hippocampus suffer from oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation caused by hyperglycemia more than other areas of the brain (Sytze, Cotter, Bravenboer & Cameron, 2013). Hyperglycemia is the most important cause of oxidative stress induction in diabetes and leads to excessive production of oxygen free radicals through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms (Maritim et al., 2003). Increased production Cognitive Remediation in Diabetics with Combining Mindfulness-based Relaxation and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Abstract Objective: The present research aimed to determine the pure and combined effect of both techniques of mindfulness based-relaxation (MBR) and Transcranial Electrical Simulation (tCES) on decreasing prospective and retrospective memory errors and failure of executive functions of patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: The study is a randomized three-group double-blind clinical trial with repeated measures designs. The sample of the study consisted of 30 patients selected through convenience and purposive sampling method from Diabetes Association of Bonab city. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to the three groups of MBR, CES, MBR+CES; then they received interventions related to their group in 10 individual sessions. All patients were assessed by the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) before and after the interventions, and one month after the interventions. Result: The results of split-plot analysis of variance (SPANOVA) indicated the change of the mean of retrospective and prospective memory over time, and the change of prospective memory over time in different groups. The results of covariance analysis and the post hoc test of Ben Foruni indicated that in the follow-up phase, the prospective memory errors in the MBR+CES group were significantly lower than both the MBR and CES groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study may provide many theoretical and practical implications for improving the cognitive function of type 2 diabetic patients following the MBR and CES therapeutic. Keywords: Executive Functions, Memory, MBR, CES, Type 2 Diabetes.

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