如何启动和关闭数据库实例以及如何使oracle实例和系统一起启动
启动数据库实例,分为两步:第一步,启动监听;第二步,启动数据库实例。
一、如何启动数据库实例
1.进入到sqlplus启动实例
[oracle@redhat ~]$ su -
oracle --“切换到oracle用户”Password:
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl
start --“打开监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on
14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights
reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please
wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is
/home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to
/home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
Listening on:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start
Date 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace
Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log
File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this
service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus
/nolog --“进入到sqlplus”
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14
19:06:45 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights
reserved.
SQL> conn /as
sysdba --“连接到sysdba”Connected to
an idle instance.
SQL>
startup --“启动数据库实例”ORACLE instance
started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed
Size 1218968 bytes
Variable
Size 88082024 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680
bytes
Redo
Buffers 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> shutdown
immediate --“关闭数据库实例”Database
closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release
10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl
stop --“关闭监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on
14-OCT-2009 19:08:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights
reserved.
Connecting to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
The command completed successfully
2.用dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库实例
先启动监听 lsnrctl start
启动实例 dbstart
使用dbstart命令启动数据库比较方便,但是在linux上安装好oracle之后,第一次使用dbstart命令可能会报如下错误:
Failed to
auto-start Oracle Net Listene using
/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle/bin/tnslsnr
看起来貌似是监听没有起来,可是实际上,监听可以成功启动。
我们来看一下dbstart脚本,该脚本放在$ORACLE_HOME/bin下面。
搜索dbstart里面的tnslsnr:
grep tnslsnr dbstart
返回结果:
if [ -f
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
echo "Failed
to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
返回结果中发现有$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER变量,有可能是该变量的路径不对,我们继续搜索ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER
grep ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER
dbstart
返回结果:
# 3) Set
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle
Net Listener"
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start
>> $LOG
2>&1 &
export
VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL
for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
echo "Failed
to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
$LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER: lsnrctl start"
我们发现ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
中,指定的路径不对,需要对这一行重新编辑,使其路径制定到$ORACLE_HOME
用vi编辑dbstart,将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle更改为
export
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
然后保存退出,此时再运行dbstart,已经不报错了,但是没有任何反应,ps一下进程,没有oracle的进程,说明oracle实例没有正常启动。
此时的原因是在/etc/oratab的设置问题,我们cat一下,发现
zgz:/home/oracle/product/10g:N
最后设置的是"N"(我的环境中只有一个实例,因此只有一行配置语句),我们需要把“N”修改为“Y”。
以上的工作做好之后,dbstart就可以正常使用了:
[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl
start --“启动监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on
14-OCT-2009 19:44:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights
reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please
wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is
/home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to
/home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
Listening on:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start
Date 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace
Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log
File /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this
service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@redhat bin]$
dbstart --“启动数据库实例”Processing Database instance "zgz": log file
/home/oracle/product/10g/startup.log
[oracle@redhat bin]$
dbshut --“关闭数据库实例”[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl
stop --“关闭监听”
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on
14-OCT-2009 19:45:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights
reserved.
Connecting to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))
The command completed successfully
二、如何使数据库实例和linux系统一起启动
在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下语句即可实现同系统启动实例:
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"
su - oracle -c "dbstart"