Java类自带了本地的clone()方法,该方法会返回现有实例的副本。如果要使用Java克隆,必须实现java.lang.Cloneable接口,以便它不会在运行时抛出CloneNotSupportedException。 如果clone()函数会返回对象副本,那么在什么情况下我们需要重写它? 让我们运行下面的java类来更好的理解。
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* @author 三产
* @version 1.0
* @date 2017-03-21
* @QQGroup 213732117
* @website http://www.coderknock.com
* @copyright Copyright 2017 拿客 coderknock.com All rights reserved.
* @since JDK 1.8
*/
public class Clone implements Cloneable {
private int id;
private String name;
private HashMap props;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public HashMap getProps() {
return props;
}
public void setProps(HashMap props) {
this.props = props;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Clone ct1 = new Clone();
ct1.setId(1);
ct1.setName("first");
HashMap hm = new HashMap();
hm.put("1", "first");
hm.put("2", "second");
hm.put("3", "third");
ct1.setProps(hm);
// Using default clone() implementation
Clone ct2 = (Clone) ct1.clone();
// Check whether the ct1 and ct2 attributes are same or different
System.out.println("ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: "
+ (ct1.getProps() == ct2.getProps()));
// Lets see the effect of using default cloning
ct1.getProps().put("4", "fourth");
System.out.println("ct1 props:" + ct2.getProps());
System.out.println("ct2 props:" + ct1.getProps());
ct1.setName("new");
System.out.println("ct1 name:" + ct1.getName());
System.out.println("ct2 name:" + ct2.getName());
}
}
输出如下:
ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: true
ct1 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}
ct2 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}
ct1 name:new
ct2 name:first
很明显,默认clone()函数使用的是浅复制的副本,ct2受ct1属性中的任何更改的影响,所以我们需要覆盖clone方法,这时我们反馈clone的注解。 在上面的类中添加下面代码:
public Clone clone() {
System.out.println("invoking overridden clone method");
HashMap hm = new HashMap<>();
String key;
Iterator it = this.props.keySet().iterator();
// 深复制属性
while (it.hasNext()) {
key = it.next();
hm.put(key, this.props.get(key));
}
Clone ct = new Clone();
ct.setId(this.id);
ct.setName(this.name);
ct.setProps(hm);
return ct;
}
再次运行:
ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: false
ct1 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third}
ct2 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}
ct1 name:new
ct2 name:first
这时,我们就可以发现深复制与浅复制的区别了。