web订单消息提醒php,php实现websocket实时消息推送

一、socket协议的简介

WebSocket是什么，有什么优点

WebSocket是一个持久化的协议，这是相对于http非持久化来说的。应用层协议

举个简单的例子，http1.0的生命周期是以request作为界定的，也就是一个request，一个response，对于http来说，本次client与server的会话到此结束；而在http1.1中，稍微有所改进，即添加了keep-alive，也就是在一个http连接中可以进行多个request请求和多个response接受操作。然而在实时通信中，并没有多大的作用，http只能由client发起请求，server才能返回信息，即server不能主动向client推送信息，无法满足实时通信的要求。而WebSocket可以进行持久化连接，即client只需进行一次握手，成功后即可持续进行数据通信，值得关注的是WebSocket实现client与server之间全双工通信，即server端有数据更新时可以主动推送给client端。

二、介绍client与server之间的socket连接原理

1、下面是一个演示client和server之间建立WebSocket连接时握手部分

image

2、client与server建立socket时握手的会话内容，即request与response

a、client建立WebSocket时向服务器端请求的信息

GET /chat HTTP/1.1

Host: server.example.com

Upgrade: websocket //告诉服务器现在发送的是WebSocket协议

Connection: Upgrade

Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw== //是一个Base64 encode的值，这个是浏览器随机生成的，用于验证服务器端返回数据是否是WebSocket助理

Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat

Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13

Origin: http://example.com

b、服务器获取到client请求的信息后，根据WebSocket协议对数据进行处理并返回，其中要对Sec-WebSocket-Key进行加密等操作

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols

Upgrade: websocket //依然是固定的，告诉客户端即将升级的是Websocket协议，而不是mozillasocket，lurnarsocket或者shitsocket

Connection: Upgrade

Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk= //这个则是经过服务器确认，并且加密过后的 Sec-WebSocket-Key,也就是client要求建立WebSocket验证的凭证

Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat

3、socket建立连接原理图：

image

三、PHP中建立websocket的过程讲解

SocketService.php:

class SocketService

{

private $address = '0.0.0.0';

private $port = 8083;

private $_sockets;

public function __construct($address = '', $port='')

{

if(!empty($address)){

$this->address = $address;

}

if(!empty($port)) {

$this->port = $port;

}

}

public function service(){

//获取tcp协议号码。

$tcp = getprotobyname("tcp");

$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $tcp);

socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1);

if($sock < 0)

{

throw new Exception("failed to create socket: ".socket_strerror($sock)."\n");

}

socket_bind($sock, $this->address, $this->port);

socket_listen($sock, $this->port);

echo "listen on $this->address $this->port ... \n";

$this->_sockets = $sock;

}

public function run(){

$this->service();

$clients[] = $this->_sockets;

while (true){

$changes = $clients;

$write = NULL;

$except = NULL;

//当select处于等待时,两个客户端中甲先发数据来,则socket_select会在$changes中保留甲的socket并往下运行,另一个客户端的socket就被丢弃了,所以再次循环时,变成只监听甲了,这个可以在新循环中把所有链接的客户端socket再次加进$changes中,则可以避免本程序的这个逻辑错误

/** socket_select是阻塞，有数据请求才处理，否则一直阻塞

* 此处$changes会读取到当前活动的连接

* 比如执行socket_select前的数据如下(描述socket的资源ID)：

* $socket = Resource id #4

* $changes = Array

* (

* [0] => Resource id #5 //客户端1

* [1] => Resource id #4 //server绑定的端口的socket资源

* )

* 调用socket_select之后，此时有两种情况：

* 情况一：如果是新客户端2连接，那么 $changes = array([1] => Resource id #4),此时用于接收新客户端2连接

* 情况二：如果是客户端1(Resource id #5)发送消息，那么$changes = array([1] => Resource id #5)，用户接收客户端1的数据

*

* 通过以上的描述可以看出，socket_select有两个作用，这也是实现了IO复用

* 1、新客户端来了，通过 Resource id #4 介绍新连接，如情况一

* 2、已有连接发送数据，那么实时切换到当前连接，接收数据，如情况二*/

socket_select($changes, $write, $except, NULL);

foreach ($changes as $key => $_sock){

if($this->_sockets == $_sock){ //判断是不是新接入的socket

if(($newClient = socket_accept($_sock)) === false){

die('failed to accept socket: '.socket_strerror($_sock)."\n");

}

$line = trim(socket_read($newClient, 1024));

if($line === false){

socket_shutdown($newClient);

socket_close($newClient);

continue;

}

$this->handshaking($newClient, $line);

//获取client ip

socket_getpeername ($newClient, $ip);

$clients[$ip] = $newClient;

echo "Client ip:{$ip} \n";

echo "Client msg:{$line} \n";

} else {

$byte = socket_recv($_sock, $buffer, 2048, 0);

if($byte < 7) continue;

$msg = $this->message($buffer);

//在这里业务代码

echo "{$key} clinet msg:",$msg,"\n";

fwrite(STDOUT, 'Please input a argument:');

$response = trim(fgets(STDIN));

$this->send($_sock, $response);

echo "{$key} response to Client:".$response,"\n";

}

}

}

}

/**

* 握手处理

* @param $newClient socket

* @return int 接收到的信息

*/

public function handshaking($newClient, $line){

$headers = array();

$lines = preg_split("/\r\n/", $line);

foreach($lines as $line)

{

$line = rtrim($line);

if(preg_match('/^(\S+): (.*)$/', $line, $matches))

{

$headers[$matches[1]] = $matches[2];

}

}

$secKey = $headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'];

$secAccept = base64_encode(pack('H*', sha1($secKey . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11')));

$upgrade = "HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshake\r\n" .

"Upgrade: websocket\r\n" .

"Connection: Upgrade\r\n" .

"WebSocket-Origin: $this->address\r\n" .

"WebSocket-Location: ws://$this->address:$this->port/websocket/websocket\r\n".

"Sec-WebSocket-Accept:$secAccept\r\n\r\n";

return socket_write($newClient, $upgrade, strlen($upgrade));

}

/**

* 解析接收数据

* @param $buffer

* @return null|string

*/

public function message($buffer){

$len = $masks = $data = $decoded = null;

$len = ord($buffer[1]) & 127;

if ($len === 126) {

$masks = substr($buffer, 4, 4);

$data = substr($buffer, 8);

} else if ($len === 127) {

$masks = substr($buffer, 10, 4);

$data = substr($buffer, 14);

} else {

$masks = substr($buffer, 2, 4);

$data = substr($buffer, 6);

}

for ($index = 0; $index < strlen($data); $index++) {

$decoded .= $data[$index] ^ $masks[$index % 4];

}

return $decoded;

}

/**

* 发送数据

* @param $newClinet 新接入的socket

* @param $msg 要发送的数据

* @return int|string

*/

public function send($newClinet, $msg){

$msg = $this->frame($msg);

socket_write($newClinet, $msg, strlen($msg));

}

public function frame($s) {

$a = str_split($s, 125);

if (count($a) == 1) {

return "\x81" . chr(strlen($a[0])) . $a[0];

}

$ns = "";

foreach ($a as $o) {

$ns .= "\x81" . chr(strlen($o)) . $o;

}

return $ns;

}

/**

* 关闭socket

*/

public function close(){

return socket_close($this->_sockets);

}

}

$sock = new SocketService();

$sock->run();

web.html:

websocket

/**

webSocket.readyState

0：未连接

1：连接成功，可通讯

2：正在关闭

3：连接已关闭或无法打开

*/

//创建一个webSocket 实例

var webSocket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.31.152:8083");

webSocket.onerror = function (event){

onError(event);

};

// 打开websocket

webSocket.onopen = function (event){

onOpen(event);

};

//监听消息

webSocket.onmessage = function (event){

onMessage(event);

};

webSocket.onclose = function (event){ //服务端关闭后 触发

onClose(event);

}

//关闭监听websocket

function onError(event){

document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "

close

";

console.log("error"+event.data);

};

function onOpen(event){

console.log("open:"+sockState());

document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "

Connect to Service

";

};

function onMessage(event){

console.log("onMessage");

document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML += "

response:"+event.data+"

"

};

function onClose(event){

document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "

close

";

console.log("close:"+sockState());

webSocket.close();

}

function sockState(){

var status = ['未连接','连接成功，可通讯','正在关闭','连接已关闭或无法打开'];

return status[webSocket.readyState];

}

function start(event){

console.log(webSocket);

var msg = document.getElementById('text').value;

document.getElementById('text').value = '';

console.log("send:"+sockState());

console.log("msg="+msg);

webSocket.send("msg="+msg);

document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML += "

request"+msg+"

"

};

function close(event){

webSocket.close();

}