mysql where 不用索引,当WHERE中存在变量时，MySQL查询不使用索引

I have this table:

CREATE TABLE `ClientesHora_copy` (

`dia` varchar(6) default NULL,

`hora` varchar(2) default NULL,

`sit` varchar(17) default NULL,

`nodo` varchar(6) default NULL,

`clientes` decimal(41,0) default NULL,

`segundos` double default NULL,

`llamadas` decimal(41,0) default NULL,

`fecha` datetime default NULL,

KEY `nodo_fecha` (`nodo`,`fecha`),

KEY `nodo` (`nodo`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

and this query:

SET @sitio= 'ABA000';

SET @horaini='2013-02-12 15:18:00';

SET @horafin='2013-02-12 20:36:00';

EXPLAIN SELECT nodo,sit,clientes,segundos,llamadas,fecha,hora,@horaini AS horaini,@horafin AS horafin

FROM `ClientesHora_copy`

WHERE

nodo =@sitio

AND

fecha BETWEEN DATE_SUB(DATE_FORMAT(@horaini, "%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00"), INTERVAL 7 DAY)

AND DATE_SUB(DATE_FORMAT(@horafin, "%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00"), INTERVAL 7 DAY)

I have this in explain

id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra

------ ----------- ----------------- ------ ------------- ------ ------- ------ ------- -------------

1 SIMPLE ClientesHora_copy ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 2716460 Using where

But if I dont use the @sitio variable (but use the @horaini, @horafin variables):

EXPLAIN SELECT nodo,sit,clientes,segundos,llamadas,fecha,hora,@horaini AS horaini,@horafin AS horafin

FROM `ClientesHora_copy`

WHERE

nodo ='ABA000'

AND

fecha BETWEEN DATE_SUB(DATE_FORMAT(@horaini, "%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00"), INTERVAL 7 DAY)

AND DATE_SUB(DATE_FORMAT(@horafin, "%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00"), INTERVAL 7 DAY)

I get this:

id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra

------ ----------- ----------------- ------ --------------- ---------- ------- ------ ------ -------------

1 SIMPLE ClientesHora_copy range nodo_fecha,nodo nodo_fecha 18 (NULL) 1 Using where

Any idea of why Mysql doesnt use the index with the @sitio variable but it does with @fechaini and @fechafin?

Thanks!

解决方案

The most likely explanation is that column nodo is character datatype, and character_set_connection does not match the character set specified for the column.

If the column is defined with latin1 characterset, try:

WHERE nodo = CONVERT(@sitio USING latin1)

As a demonstration, with utf8, explain output shows no index available:

EXPLAIN SELECT t.* FROM mytable t WHERE t.foo = CONVERT(@foo USING utf8)

^^^^

id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra

-- ----------- ----- ---- ------------- ------ ------- ------ ---- -----------

1 SIMPLE t ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 3 Using where

But with latin1, explain output shows index is available (and is used):

EXPLAIN SELECT t.* FROM mytable t WHERE t.foo = CONVERT(@foo USING latin1)

^^^^^^

id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra

-- ----------- ----- ---- ------------- ------ ------- ------ ---- -----------

1 SIMPLE t ref t_ix t_ix 13 const 1 Using where