android bitmap 加载,Android进阶之Bitmap的高效加载

一、Bitmap的加载

BitmapFactory提供了四个方法：

docodeFiles

decodeResource

decodeStream

decodeByteArray

二、Bitmap的高效加载

采用Bitmap.Options来加载所需尺寸的图片，主要使用它的inSampleSize参数，当inSampleSize大于1缩放。(inSampleSize会向下去2的指数)

高效加载图片的流程：

将BitmapFactory.Options的inJustDecodeBuunds设为true并加载图片

从Bitmap.Options中取出图片的宽高(outHeight，outWidth)

结合ImageView的宽高计算采样率

将BitmapFatory.Options中的inJustDecodeBounds设为false并加载图片

示例：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

final ImageView image=findViewById(R.id.image1);

image.setImageBitmap(sampleDecodeFromResourse(getResources(),R.mipmap.dog,200,200));

}

public static Bitmap sampleDecodeFromResourse(Resources res,int resId,int repWidth,int repHeight){

final BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options();

options.inJustDecodeBounds=true;

BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res,resId,options);

options.inSampleSize=computeInSampleSize(options,repWidth,repHeight);

options.inJustDecodeBounds=false;

Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res,resId,options);

return bitmap;

}

public static int computeInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,int repWidth, int repHeight){

final int width=options.outWidth;

final int height=options.outHeight;

int inSampleSize=1;

if(width>repWidth||height>repHeight){

int sampleWidth=((int)width/repWidth)%2==0?width/repWidth+2:width/repWidth+1;

int sampleHeight=((int)height/repHeight)%2==0?height/repHeight+2:height/repHeight+1;

inSampleSize=(int)Math.max(sampleWidth,sampleHeight);

}

return inSampleSize;

}

}

三、Android中的缓存策略

常用的缓存算法LRU算法，包括：LruCache和DiskLruCache

LruCache用于内存缓存

DiskLruCache用于存储设备缓存

(1)LruCache

LruCache是Android提供的一个缓存类，它是一个泛型类，内部采用LinkedHashMap以强引用的方式存储外界对象。

LruCache典型初始化：

int maxMemory=(int)(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024);

int cacheSize=maxMemory/8;

mMemoryCache=new LruCache(cacheSize){

protected int sizeOf(String key,Bitmap bitmap){

return bitmap.getByteCount();

}

}

添加一个缓存对象

mMemoryCache.put(key,value);

获取一个缓存对象

mMemory.get(key);

(2)DiskLruCache

DiskLruCache用于设备的存储，及磁盘缓存。需要添加依赖：

implementation 'com.jakewharton:disklrucache:2.0.2'

DiskLruCache的建立：

Private static final int CACHE_SIZE=1024*1024*50;

File diskCacheDir=getDiskCacheDir(mContext,"bitmap");

if(!diskCacheDir.exists())

首先获取Url所对应的Key，再根据key通过edit()方法获取Editor对象，一般key取url的MD5值

private String hashKeyFormUrl(String url){

String hashKey;

try{

final MessageDigest mDigest=MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");

mDigest.upDtate(url.getByte());

hashKey=bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest());

}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){

hashKey=String.valueOf(url.hashCode());

}

return hashKey;

}

private String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes){

StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();

for(int i=0;i

String hex=Integer.toHexString(0xFF&bytes[i]);

if(hex.length==1){

buffer.append('0');

}

buffer.append(hex);

}

return buffer;

}

获取Editor对象

String key=hashFormUrl(url);

DiskLruCache.Editor editor=mDiskLruCache.edit(key);

if(editor!=null){

OutputStream outputStream=editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);

}

存入缓存对象

public boolean downloadUrlToStream(String url,OutputStream outputStream){

HttpURLConnection connection=null;

BufferedOutputStream out=null;

BufferedInputStream int=null;

try{

final URL url=new URL(url);

connection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

in=new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream(),1024*10);

out=new BufferedOutputStream(output,1024*10);

int b;

while((b=in.read())!=-1){

out.write(b);

}

return true;

}catch(IOException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{

if(connection!=null){

connection.disConnection();

}

if(in!=null){

try{

in.close();

}catch(IOException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if(out!=null){

try{

out.close();

}catch(IOException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

提交

OutputStream outputStream=editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);

if(downloadUrlToStream(url,outputStream)){

editor.commit();

}else{

editor.abort();

}

mDiskLruCache.flush();

提取

Bitmap bitmp=null;

String key=hashKeyFormUrl(url);

DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot=mDiskLruCache.get(key);

if(snapshot!=null){

FileInputStream fileInputStream=(FileInputStream)snapshot.getInputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);

FileDescriptor fileDescriptor=fileInputStream.getFD();//由于使用流解析存在问题，所以采取流对应的文件描述符来解析

bitmap=decodeSampleedBitmapFromFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor,repWidth,repHeight);//自己写的高效加载图片的方法和前面的一样只是解析方法不一样

if(bitmap!=null){

addBitmapTomemoryCache(key,bitmap);

}

}