linux rpm源,让CentOS6 yum源支持更多rpm包的升级(使用第三方软件库EPEL、RPMForge与RPMFusion)...

在CentOS下运行yum install flash-plugin或yum install mplayer的时候，提示库里没有找到这个软件？为什么会这样？因为CentOS是RHEL编译过来的，去掉了所有关于版权问题的东西。因此，在没有使用第三方软件库的情况下，很多软件无法用yum install来直接安装。

EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)软件库提供为RHEL系列(4.x、5.x、6.x等等)重新编译的Fedora组件。这个软件库在不替换系统组件方面下了功夫。在某些情况下它尝试直接针对CentOS兼容性的问题，但坚决否定软件库间的兼容性是目标之一。当它与其它第三方软件库混合使用时，问题可能会出现。故此，当你使用EPEL时，尤其是当你亦会运用其它件库的组件时，请确保你使用yum的Priorities插件。

RPMForge库现在已经拥有超过10000种的CentOS的软件包，被CentOS社区认为是最安全也是最稳定的一个第三方软件库。

下面讲解下如何使用EPEL与RPMForge、RPMFusion软件仓库：

一、安装yum-priorities插件。

这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源，都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此，官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序，就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。

[root@CentOS ~]# yum install yum-priorities

安装完后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的.repo相关文件(如CentOS-Base.repo)，在这些文件中插入顺序指令：priority=N (N为1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先)，一般的配置是这样的：

[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1

[CentOSplus],[contrib] … priority=2

其他第三的软件源为：priority=N (推荐N>10)

如我的CentOS-Base.repo配置为(CentOS 6.0)：

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#packages used/produced in the build but not released

[addons]

name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

#baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/addons/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=2

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=2

二、下载与安装相应EPEL的rpm文件包

1、下载与安装EPEL的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

如果您不清楚您的系统内核，请使用uname -a命令来查看您的内核信息。

2、导入DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

3、设置/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=11这句。

如我的epel.repo文件内容：

[epel]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

priority=11

[epel-debuginfo]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Debug

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch/debug

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Source

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/SRPMS

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

gpgcheck=1