对于mysql建表稍有点经验的开发人员都会为后续的where查询条件提早考虑建立索引。mysql
这里说的是在使用索引查询时有关索引下推的有关知识点。sql
综合前人的经验结果:索引下推是数据库检索数据过程当中为减小回表次数而作的优化。docker
判断是否须要回表的是由mysql存储引擎控制,默认从mysql5.6版本开始支持。数据库
下面用docker分别建立基于mysql5.5和mysql5.6的容器,表结构保持一致(docker建立mysql容器不作演示)。优化
首先看mysql5.5:spa
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.5.62 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table testhh\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: testhh
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `testhh` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`age` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0',
`name` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`height` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`name2` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`height2` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `age_index` (`age`) USING HASH,
KEY `un` (`name`,`height`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> explain select * from testhh where name like 'a%' and height = 100\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: testhh
type: range
possible_keys: un
key: un
key_len: 14
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
上面可见explain的extra字段结果时Using where,表示优化器须要经过索引回表查询数据。code
再看mysql5.6:blog
mysql> selectversion();+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.50 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql>show create table ua\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: ua
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `ua` (
`id`int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name`char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`height`int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`name2`char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`height2`int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `nh` (`name`,`height`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> explain select * from ua where name like 'a%' and height=10\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************id:1select_type: SIMPLE
table: ua
type: range
possible_keys: nh
key: nh
key_len:14
ref: NULL
rows:1Extra: Using index condition1 row in set (0.00sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
explain的extra字段是Using index condition,表示会先经过条件过滤索引,再经过过滤后的索引查询符合索引条件的数据。索引