基于论文摘要的文本分类与关键词抽取挑战赛——机器学习方法

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知识点

 使用pandas来完成训练集，测试集的读入，同时完成数据的解析。

Sklearn 封装了多种机器学习模型，常见的模型都可以在 sklearn 中找到。
我们使用简单但拟合效果较好的逻辑回归模型作为 Baseline 模型。

1.引入库

代码如下（示例）：

# 导入pandas用于读取表格数据
import pandas as pd
# 导入BOW（词袋模型），可以选择将CountVectorizer替换为TfidfVectorizer（TF-IDF（词频-逆文档频率）），注意上下文要同时修改，亲测后者效果更佳
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
# 导入LogisticRegression回归模型
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
# 过滤警告消息
from warnings import simplefilter
import nltk
# 引入分词器
from nltk import word_tokenize, ngrams
from sklearn.exceptions import ConvergenceWarning

2.读入数据与特征提取

代码如下（示例）：

# 读取数据集
train = pd.read_csv('./data/train.csv')
train['title'] = train['title'].fillna('')
train['abstract'] = train['abstract'].fillna('')
test = pd.read_csv('./data/test.csv')
test['title'] = test['title'].fillna('')
test['abstract'] = test['abstract'].fillna('')

# 提取文本特征，生成训练集与测试集
train['text'] = train['title'].fillna('') + ' ' +  train['author'].fillna('') + ' ' + train['abstract'].fillna('')+ ' ' + train['Keywords'].fillna('')
test['text'] = test['title'].fillna('') + ' ' +  test['author'].fillna('') + ' ' + test['abstract'].fillna('')+ ' ' + train['Keywords'].fillna('')
vector = CountVectorizer().fit(train['text'])
train_vector = vector.transform(train['text'])
test_vector = vector.transform(test['text'])

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3.模型训练与验证

代码如下（示例）：

# 引入模型
model = LogisticRegression()

# 训练模型
# 开始训练，这里可以考虑修改默认的batch_size与epoch来取得更好的效果
model.fit(train_vector, train['label'])

# 利用模型对测试集label标签进行预测
test['label'] = model.predict(test_vector)

# 生成任务一推测结果
# test[['uuid', 'Keywords', 'label']].to_csv('submit_task1.csv', index=None)

# 定义停用词，去掉出现较多，但对文章不关键的词语
stops = [
    'will', 'can', "couldn't", 'same', 'own', "needn't", 'between', "shan't", 'very',
     'so', 'over', 'in', 'have', 'the', 's', 'didn', 'few', 'should', 'of', 'that',
     'don', 'weren', 'into', "mustn't", 'other', 'from', "she's", 'hasn', "you're",
     'ain', 'ours', 'them', 'he', 'hers', 'up', 'below', 'won', 'out', 'through',
     'than', 'this', 'who', "you've", 'on', 'how', 'more', 'being', 'any', 'no',
     'mightn', 'for', 'again', 'nor', 'there', 'him', 'was', 'y', 'too', 'now',
     'whom', 'an', 've', 'or', 'itself', 'is', 'all', "hasn't", 'been', 'themselves',
     'wouldn', 'its', 'had', "should've", 'it', "you'll", 'are', 'be', 'when', "hadn't",
     "that'll", 'what', 'while', 'above', 'such', 'we', 't', 'my', 'd', 'i', 'me',
     'at', 'after', 'am', 'against', 'further', 'just', 'isn', 'haven', 'down',
     "isn't", "wouldn't", 'some', "didn't", 'ourselves', 'their', 'theirs', 'both',
     're', 'her', 'ma', 'before', "don't", 'having', 'where', 'shouldn', 'under',
     'if', 'as', 'myself', 'needn', 'these', 'you', 'with', 'yourself', 'those',
     'each', 'herself', 'off', 'to', 'not', 'm', "it's", 'does', "weren't", "aren't",
     'were', 'aren', 'by', 'doesn', 'himself', 'wasn', "you'd", 'once', 'because', 'yours',
     'has', "mightn't", 'they', 'll', "haven't", 'but', 'couldn', 'a', 'do', 'hadn',
     "doesn't", 'your', 'she', 'yourselves', 'o', 'our', 'here', 'and', 'his', 'most',
     'about', 'shan', "wasn't", 'then', 'only', 'mustn', 'doing', 'during', 'why',
     "won't", 'until', 'did', "shouldn't", 'which'
]
# 定义方法按照词频筛选关键词

def extract_keywords_by_freq(title, abstract):
    ngrams_count = list(ngrams(word_tokenize(title.lower()), 2)) + list(ngrams(word_tokenize(abstract.lower()), 2))
    ngrams_count = pd.DataFrame(ngrams_count)
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count[~ngrams_count[0].isin(stops)]
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count[~ngrams_count[1].isin(stops)]
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count[ngrams_count[0].apply(len) > 3]
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count[ngrams_count[1].apply(len) > 3]
    ngrams_count['phrase'] = ngrams_count[0] + ' ' + ngrams_count[1]
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count['phrase'].value_counts()
    ngrams_count = ngrams_count[ngrams_count > 1]
    return list(ngrams_count.index)[:6]

## 对测试集提取关键词

test_words = []
for row in test.iterrows():
    # 读取第每一行数据的标题与摘要并提取关键词
    prediction_keywords = extract_keywords_by_freq(row[1].title, row[1].abstract)
    # 利用文章标题进一步提取关键词
    prediction_keywords = [x.title() for x in prediction_keywords]
    # 控制关键词数量不超过40个
    if len(prediction_keywords) > 40:
        prediction_keywords = prediction_keywords[:40]
    # 如果未能提取到关键词
    if len(prediction_keywords) == 0:
        prediction_keywords = ['A', 'B']
    test_words.append('; '.join(prediction_keywords))

test['Keywords'] = test_words
test[['uuid', 'Keywords', 'label']].to_csv('submit1.csv', encoding='utf-8',index=None)

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总结

使用机器学习的baseline效果如上图所示，接下来就将详细更新基于Bert的模型，效果精度任务一可达0.997左右，任务二为0.54左右，敬请期待哦，一起学习，未来可期！