linux下Alsa音频实例,ALSA（高级Linux声音架构）：一 简单例子

/******************************************************************

ALSA 简单的 playback 例子

******************************************************************/

#define ALSA_PCM_NEW_HW_PARAMS_API

#include

int main() {

long loops;

int rc;

int size;

snd_pcm_t *handle;

snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;

unsigned int val;

int dir;

snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;

char *buffer;

/* Open PCM device for playback. */

/* 打开 PCM playback 设备 */

rc = snd_pcm_open(&handle, "default",

SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0);

if (rc < 0) {

fprintf(stderr,

"unable to open pcm device: %s\n",

snd_strerror(rc));

exit(1);

}

/* Allocate a hardware parameters object. */

/* 分配一个硬件参数结构体 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&params);

/* Fill it in with default values. */

/* 使用默认参数 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);

/* Set the desired hardware parameters. */

/* 设置硬件参数 */

/* Interleaved mode */

snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params,

SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);

/* Signed 16-bit little-endian format */

/* 数据格式为 16位 小端 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,

SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);

/* Two channels (stereo) */

/* 两个声道 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, 2);

/* 44100 bits/second sampling rate (CD quality) */

/* 采样率为 44100 */

val = 44100;

snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params,

&val, &dir);

/* Set period size to 32 frames. */

/* 设置一个周期为 32 帧 */

frames = 32;

snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near(handle,

params, &frames, &dir);

/* Write the parameters to the driver */

/* 把前面设置好的参数写入到playback设备 */

rc = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);

if (rc < 0) {

fprintf(stderr,

"unable to set hw parameters: %s\n",

snd_strerror(rc));

exit(1);

}

/* Use a buffer large enough to hold one period */

/* 得到一个周期的数据长度 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &frames,

&dir);

/* 因为我们是16位 两个通道，所以要 *2*2 也就是 *4 */

size = frames * 4; /* 2 bytes/sample, 2 channels */

buffer = (char *) malloc(size);

/* We want to loop for 5 seconds */

/* 得到一个周期的时间长度 */

snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time(params,

&val, &dir);

/* 5 seconds in microseconds divided by

* period time */

loops = 5000000 / val;

while (loops > 0) {

loops--;

/* 从标准输入中获取数据 */

rc = read(0, buffer, size);

if (rc == 0) {

fprintf(stderr, "end of file on input\n");

break;

} else if (rc != size) {

fprintf(stderr,

"short read: read %d bytes\n", rc);

}

/* 播放这些数据 */

rc = snd_pcm_writei(handle, buffer, frames);

if (rc == -EPIPE) {

/* EPIPE means underrun */

fprintf(stderr, "underrun occurred\n");

snd_pcm_prepare(handle);

} else if (rc < 0) {

fprintf(stderr,

"error from writei: %s\n",

snd_strerror(rc));

} else if (rc != (int)frames) {

fprintf(stderr,

"short write, write %d frames\n", rc);

}

}

snd_pcm_drain(handle);

snd_pcm_close(handle);

free(buffer);

return 0;

}