floodfill

floodfill

1. floodfill原理

原理

  • 洪水灌溉算法,基本问题是:有一个池塘,池塘内有几块陆地,找出这几块陆地。

在这里插入图片描述

  • 可以通过宽搜或者深搜实现,最常用的是宽搜。
  • 深搜可能会出现爆栈的风险。
  • 可能出现的问题:(1)找出陆地的个数;(2)计算陆地的面积;(3)计算陆地的周长; 等

代码模板

// BFS
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 1010, M = N * N;

int n, m;
char g[N][N];  // 存储地图
PII q[M];
bool st[N][N];  // 判重数组

void bfs(int sx, int sy) {
    
    int hh = 0, tt = 0;
    q[0] = {sx, sy};
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    
    while (hh <= tt) {
        auto t = q[hh++];
        for (int i = t.x - 1; i <= t.x + 1; i++)
            for (int j = t.y - 1; j <= t.y + 1; j++) {
                if (i == t.x && j == t.y) continue;
                if (i < 0 || i >= n || j < 0 || j >= m) continue;
                if (g[i][j] == '.' || st[i][j]) continue;
                
                q[++tt] = {i, j};
                st[i][j] = true;
            }
    }
}

int main() {
    
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%s", g[i]);
    
    int cnt = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            if (g[i][j] == 'W' && !st[i][j]) {
                bfs(i, j);
                cnt++;
            }
    
    printf("%d\n", cnt);
    
    return 0;
}
// DFS
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

const int N = 1010;

int n, m;
char g[N][N];  // 存储地图
bool st[N][N];  // 判重数组

void dfs(int sx, int sy) {
    
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    for (int i = sx - 1; i <= sx + 1; i++)
        for (int j = sy - 1; j <= sy + 1; j++) {
            if (i >= 0 && i < n && j >= 0 && j < m && g[i][j] == 'W' && !st[i][j])
                dfs(i, j);
        }
}

int main() {
    
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%s", g[i]);
    
    int cnt = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            if (g[i][j] == 'W' && !st[i][j]) {
                dfs(i, j);
                cnt++;
            }
    
    printf("%d\n", cnt);
    
    return 0;
}

2. AcWing上的floodfill题目

AcWing 1098. 城堡问题

问题描述

分析

  • 对于某一个方向是否有墙的判断:可以用二进制判断,左上右下分别用0、1、2、3代表,则可以使用g[x][y] >> i & 1判断(这里的i就是刚才的0、1、2、3)。其他直接使用floodfill算法求解即可。

代码

  • C++
// BFS
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 55, M = N * N;

int n, m;
int g[N][N];
PII q[M];
bool st[N][N];

int bfs(int sx, int sy) {
    
    int hh = 0, tt = 0;
    int area = 0;
    
    int dx[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1}, dy[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};  // 左上右下
    
    q[0] = {sx, sy};
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    
    while (hh <= tt) {
        auto t = q[hh++];
        area++;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int a = t.x + dx[i], b = t.y + dy[i];
            if (a < 0 || a >= n || b < 0 || b >= m) continue;
            if (st[a][b]) continue;
            if (g[t.x][t.y] >> i & 1) continue;
            
            q[++tt] = {a, b};
            st[a][b] = true;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            cin >> g[i][j];
    
    int cnt = 0, area = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            if (!st[i][j]) {
                area = max(area, bfs(i, j));
                cnt++;
            }
    
    cout << cnt << endl;
    cout << area << endl;
    
    return 0;
}
// DFS
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

const int N = 55;

int n, m;
int g[N][N];
bool st[N][N];
int dx[] = {0, -1, 0, 1}, dy[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};  // 上右下左

int dfs(int sx, int sy) {
    
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    int area = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        int a = sx + dx[i], b = sy + dy[i];
        if (a >= 0 && a < n && b >= 0 && b < m && !(g[sx][sy] >> i & 1) && !st[a][b])
            area += dfs(a, b);
    }
    return area;
}

int main() {
    
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            cin >> g[i][j];
    
    int cnt = 0, area = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
            if (!st[i][j]) {
                area = max(area, dfs(i, j));
                cnt++;
            }
    
    cout << cnt << endl;
    cout << area << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

AcWing 1106. 山峰和山谷

问题描述

分析

  • floodfill的同时记录每个连通块周围是否有高于或者低于当前连通块的山峰,根据这个就可以判断山峰山谷的个数。

代码

  • C++
// BFS
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 1010, M = N * N;

int n;
int h[N][N];
PII q[M];
bool st[N][N];

void bfs(int sx, int sy, int &has_higher, int &has_lower) {
    
    int hh = 0, tt = 0;
    q[0] = {sx, sy};
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    
    while (hh <= tt) {
        PII t = q[hh++];
        
        for (int i = t.x - 1; i <= t.x + 1; i++)
            for (int j = t.y - 1; j <= t.y + 1; j++) {
                if (i == t.x && j == t.y) continue;
                if (i < 0 || i >= n || j < 0 || j >= n) continue;
                if (h[t.x][t.y] != h[i][j]) {
                    if (h[i][j] > h[t.x][t.y]) has_higher = true;
                    else has_lower = true;
                } else if (!st[i][j]) {
                    q[++tt] = {i, j};
                    st[i][j] = true;
                }
            }
    }
}

int main() {
    
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            scanf("%d", &h[i][j]);
    
    int peak = 0, valley = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j< n; j++)
            if (!st[i][j]) {
                int has_higher = false, has_lower = false;
                bfs(i, j, has_higher, has_lower);
                if (!has_higher) peak++;
                if (!has_lower) valley++;
            }
    
    printf("%d %d\n", peak, valley);
    
    return 0;
}
// DFS
// 没有通过,原因:Memory Limit Exceeded
#include <iostream>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

const int N = 1010;

int n;
int h[N][N];
bool st[N][N];

void dfs(int sx, int sy, int &has_higher, int &has_lower) {
    
    st[sx][sy] = true;
    for (int i = sx - 1; i <= sx + 1; i++)
        for (int j = sy - 1; j <= sy + 1; j++) 
            if (i >= 0 && i < n && j >= 0 && j < n) {
                if (h[i][j] != h[sx][sy]) {
                    if (h[i][j] > h[sx][sy]) has_higher = true;
                    else has_lower = true;
                } else if (!st[i][j]) {
                    dfs(i, j, has_higher, has_lower);
                }
            }
}

int main() {
    
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            scanf("%d", &h[i][j]);
    
    int peak = 0, valley = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j< n; j++)
            if (!st[i][j]) {
                int has_higher = false, has_lower = false;
                dfs(i, j, has_higher, has_lower);
                if (!has_higher) peak++;
                if (!has_lower) valley++;
            }
    
    printf("%d %d\n", peak, valley);
    
    return 0;
}

AcWing 1113 红与黑

问题描述

分析

  • 找到你所在的位置,执行一遍floodfill算法即可。

代码

  • C++
// BFS
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

#define x first
#define y second

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;
const int N = 25;

int n, m;  // 行数,列数
char g[N][N];

int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};

int bfs(int sx, int sy) {

    queue<PII> q;
    q.push({sx, sy});
    g[sx][sy] = '#';
    int res = 0;

    while (q.size()) {
        auto t = q.front();
        q.pop();
        res++;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int x = t.x + dx[i], y = t.y + dy[i];
            if (x < 0 || x >= n || y < 0 || y >= m || g[x][y] != '.') continue;
            g[x][y] = '#';
            q.push({x, y});
        }
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {

    while (cin >> m >> n, n || m) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> g[i];
        int x = 0, y = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (g[i][j] == '@') {
                    x = i, y = j;
                    break;
                }
        }
        cout << bfs(x, y) << endl;
    }
}

// DFS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int N = 25;

int n, m;  // 行数,列数
char g[N][N];

int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};

int dfs(int x, int y) {

    int res = 1;
    g[x][y] = '#';
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        int a = x + dx[i], b = y + dy[i];
        if (a >= 0 && a < n && b >= 0 && b < m && g[a][b] == '.')
            res += dfs(a, b);
    }

    return res;
}

int main() {

    while (cin >> m >> n, n || m) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> g[i];
        int x = 0, y = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (g[i][j] == '@') {
                    x = i, y = j;
                    break;
                }
        }
        cout << dfs(x, y) << endl;
    }
}

3. 力扣上的floodfill题目

Leetcode 0200 岛屿数量

问题描述

分析

  • 直接使用floodfill算法即可,BFS或者DFS均可

代码

  • C++
/**
 * 执行用时:16 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了98.27%的用户
 * 内存消耗:9.4 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了93.39%的用户
 */
class Solution {
public:

    vector<vector<char>> g;
    int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};

    int numIslands(vector<vector<char>> &grid) {

        g = grid;
        int cnt = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < g.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < g[0].size(); j++)
                if (g[i][j] == '1') {
                    dfs(i, j);
                    cnt++;
                }
        }
        return cnt;
    }

    void dfs(int x, int y) {
        g[x][y] = '0';
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int a = x + dx[i], b = y + dy[i];
            if (a >= 0 && a < g.size() && b >= 0 && b < g[0].size() && g[a][b] == '1')
                dfs(a, b);
        }
    }
};
  • Java
/**
 * Date: 2020/9/3 16:21
 * Content: 经典的 floodfill 算法
 * 执行用时:2 ms, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了92.58%的用户
 * 内存消耗:40.7 MB, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了84.35%的用户
 */
class Solution {

    int[][] d = {{-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}};  // 上右下左
    int n, m;  // 行数,列数
    char[][] g;
    boolean[][] st;

    // 从grid[x][y]的位置开始(该位置要求为'1',即陆地),进行 floodfill
    private void dfs(int x, int y) {
        st[x][y] = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int a = x + d[i][0], b = y + d[i][1];
            if (a >= 0 && a < n && b >= 0 && b < m && !st[a][b] && g[a][b] == '1')
                dfs(a, b);
        }
    }

    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {

        g = grid;
        n = g.length;
        if (n == 0) return 0;
        m = g[0].length;
        st = new boolean[n][m];

        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (grid[i][j] == '1' && !st[i][j]) {
                    res++;
                    dfs(i, j);
                }
        return res;
    }
}

Leetcode 0463 岛屿的长度

问题描述

分析

  • 如果从陆地开始遍历,出界或者遍历到水,都说明是边界,结果加一

代码

  • C++
/**
 * 执行用时:164 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了44.11%的用户
 * 内存消耗:93.7 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了59.12%的用户
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int islandPerimeter(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {
        int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < grid.size(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < grid[i].size(); j++)
                if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                        int x = i + dx[k], y = j + dy[k];
                        if (x < 0 || x >= grid.size() || y < 0 || y >= grid[0].size()) res++;
                        else if (grid[x][y] == 0) res++;
                    }
                }
        return res;
    }
};
  • Java
/**
 * Date: 2020/10/30 10:07
 * Content: Floodfill
 * 执行用时:11 ms, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了32.41%的用户
 * 内存消耗:39.4 MB, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了88.92%的用户
 */
public class Solution {
    int[] dx = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy = {0, 1, 0, -1};  // 上右下左

    public int islandPerimeter(int[][] grid) {

        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < grid.length; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < grid[0].length; j++)
                if (grid[i][j] == 1)
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                        int a = i + dx[k], b = j + dy[k];
                        if (a < 0 || a >= grid.length || b < 0 || b >= grid[0].length) res++;
                        else if (grid[a][b] == 0) res++;
                    }
        return res;
    }
}

LeetCode 0695 岛屿的最大面积

问题描述

分析

  • 直接使用floodfill算法即可,BFS或者DFS均可

代码

  • C++
/**
 * 执行用时:36 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了21.34%的用户
 * 内存消耗:26.3 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了9.78%的用户
 */
class Solution {
public:
    typedef pair<int, int> PII;
    int n, m;
    vector<vector<int>> g;
    vector<vector<bool>> st;
    int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};

    int maxAreaOfIsland(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {

        g = grid;
        n = g.size();
        if (n == 0) return 0;
        m = g[0].size();
        if (m == 0) return 0;
        st = vector<vector<bool>>(n, vector<bool>(m, false));

        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (!st[i][j] && g[i][j] == 1)
                    res = max(res, bfs(i, j));
        return res;
    }

    int bfs(int sx, int sy) {

        queue<PII> q;
        q.push({sx, sy});
        st[sx][sy] = true;

        int area = 0;
        while (q.size()) {
            auto t = q.front(); q.pop();
            area++;
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                int a = t.first + dx[i], b = t.second + dy[i];
                if (a >= 0 && a < n && b >= 0 && b < m && g[a][b] == 1 && !st[a][b]) {
                    q.push({a, b});
                    st[a][b] = true;
                }
            }
        }
        return area;
    }
};
  • Java
/**
 * 执行用时:5 ms, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了18.82%的用户
 * 内存消耗:38.4 MB, 在所有 Java 提交中击败了99.62%的用户
 */
public class Solution {

    private int n, m;
    private int[][] g;
    private final int[][] d = {{-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}};  // 上右下左
    private boolean[][] st;  // 记录节点是否访问过

    public int maxAreaOfIsland(int[][] grid) {

        n = grid.length;
        if (n == 0) return 0;
        m = grid[0].length;
        if (m == 0) return 0;

        this.g = grid;
        st = new boolean[n][m];  // 默认为false

        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (!st[i][j] && grid[i][j] == 1)
                    res = Math.max(res, dfs(i, j));

        return res;
    }

    // 返回某个陆地大小
    private int dfs(int sx, int sy) {
        st[sx][sy] = true;
        int res = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int a = sx + d[i][0], b = sy + d[i][1];
            if (a >= 0 && a < n && b >= 0 && b < m && !st[a][b] && g[a][b] == 1)
                res += dfs(a, b);
        }
        return res;
    }
}
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