【雷达与对抗】【2007.09】调频连续波雷达的距离分辨率改进

本文为土耳其中东技术大学（作者：SİNAN KURT）的硕士论文，共104页。

调频连续波（FMCW）雷达在民用和军用领域都有广泛的应用。与其他雷达类型一样，距离分辨率是这些FMCW雷达的一个关键概念。距离分辨率存在理论上的限制，此外，雷达系统中使用的模块非理想特性也会对距离分辨率产生负面影响。发射机泄漏、非线性频率扫描、FM-AM失真和测量误差都是一些关键的非理想特性，这些非理想特性所引起的问题进一步制约了调频连续波雷达的距离分辨能力。从调频连续波雷达中获得距离分辨率的另一个重要手段是采用信号处理方法。本论文主要探讨系统模块的非理想特性及降低其对距离分辨力影响的技术，此外，还讨论了调频连续波雷达的信号处理方法和可能的改进技术。还实现了一种称之为过零计数器的简单信号处理单元，可用于短距离调频连续波雷达，通过对2200MHz调频连续波雷达样机的测量，研究了该过零计数器的距离分辨性能。

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)radar has wide application areas in both civil and military use. The rangeresolution is a critical concept for these FMCW radars as for the other radartypes. There are theoretical restrictions in the range resolution. In addition,the non-ideal properties of the modules used in the systems negatively affectsthe range resolution. The transmitter leakage, non-linear frequency sweep, FMto AM distortion and measurement errors are some of the critical non-idealproperties. The problems arising from these nonideal properties furtherrestrict the range resolution of FMCW radars. Another important concept for therange resolution that can be obtained from FMCW radars is the signal processingmethod. This thesis deals with the non-ideal properties of the system modulesand techniques to reduce their effects on the range resolution. Furthermore,the signal processing methods used for FMCW radar signals and the possibleimprovement techniques for these methods are discussed. Moreover, a simplesignal processing unit called zero crossing counter which can be used for shortrange FMCW radars is implemented and range resolution performance of this zerocrossing counter is investigated by carrying out measurements on a prototypeFMCW radar at 2200MHz.

1 引言
1.1 FMCW雷达应用举例
1.2 基本短距FMCW雷达原理
2 FMCW雷达
2.1 发射机泄漏
2.2 非线性扫频
2.3 测量误差
3 FMCW的信号处理
3.1 确定差频
3.2 差频信号分析
3.3 FFT
3.4 非傅里叶的方法
4 提高距离分辨力
4.1 FFEA方法
4.2 尖桩栅栏效应的修正
5 原型机系统与过零检测器
5.1 原型FMCW系统
5.2 过零计数器
5.3 实验结果
6 结论
附录 PIC 16F877特点及部分代码

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