简单的入门springDataJpa

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-28 09:14:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-28 09:14:09 发布

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分类专栏： # springDataJpa 文章标签： springDataJPA 入门简略

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42947972/article/details/107593580

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springDataJpa

Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装，是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案
springDataJpa，jpa，hibernate关系三者的关系

springDataJpa的入门操作

搭建环境
1. 创建工程导入坐标
2. 配置spring的配置文件 (配置spring Data jpa的整合)
3. 编写实体类(Customer),使用jpa注解配置映射关系
编写一个符合springDataJpa的dao层接口
* 只需要编写dao层接口,不需要编写dao层接口的实现类
* dao层接口规范
1. 需要继承两个接口(JpaRepository, JpaSpecificationExecutor)
2. 需要提供响应的泛型

常用的方法
* findOne(id) : 根据id查询立即加载
* getOne(id) : 根据id查询延迟加载
* save(customer) : 保存或者更新(依据: 传递的实体类对象中,是否包含id属性)
* delete(id) : 根据id删除
* findAll() : 查询全部

1.导入的xml坐标

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- spring对orm框架的支持包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- el end -->

    </dependencies>

2. 配置spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml 在resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!-- spring和 spring data jpa的配置 -->

    <!-- 1. 创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理 -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource"/>

        <!-- 配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包)  -->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.test.domain"/>

        <!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>

        <!-- jpa的供应商适配器 -->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!-- 配置是否自动配置数据库表 -->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
                <!-- 指定数据库类型 -->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
                <!-- 数据库方言, 支持的特有语法 -->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
                <!-- 是否显示sql语句 -->
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>

        <!-- jpa的方言,高级的特性 -->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
        </property>

    </bean>

    <!-- 2.创建数据库连接词 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa"/>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3.整合spring data jpa -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>

    <!-- 4. 配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>
    

    <!-- 6. 配置包扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.test"/>

3. 编写实体类(Customer),使用jpa注解配置映射关系

1.) 用到的数据库表
2.) 建表语句

/*创建客户表*/
CREATE TABLE cst_customer (
  cust_id BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
  cust_name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
  cust_source VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
  cust_industry VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
  cust_level VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
  cust_address VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址',
  cust_phone VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系电话',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=94 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

3.) 建立实体类

@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private Long custId;        //客户的主键

    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName;    //客户名称

    @Column(name = "cust_source")
    private String custSource;  //客户来源

    @Column(name = "cust_level")
    private String custLevel;   //客户级别

    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry; //客户所属行业

    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;   //客户的联系方式

    @Column(name = "cust_address")
    private String custAddress; //客户地址

 	//get和set省略
    //toString省略
    
    }
}

注解解释

	@Entity: 声明实体类
	@Table: 配置实体类和表的映射关系
		name: 配置数据库表的名称
			注: 我这里的数据库表名是cst_customer
		
		
	@Id: 声明主键的配置
	@GeneratedValue: 配置主键的生成策略
		strategy
			GenerationType.IDENTITY : 自增	 注: 一般用于mysql数据库
			* 底层数据库必须支持自动增长(底层数据库支持的自动增长方式,对id自增)
			
			GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列,  注: 一般用于oracle数据库
			* 注: 一般主要就是用这两种了,另外两种很少用到


	@Column: 配置属性和字段的隐射关系
		name: 代表数据库表中字段的名称
			注: 我这里每个基本都和数据库相对应

编写一个符合springDataJpa的dao层接口

public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}

注:

	符合springDataJpa的dao层接口规范
       	JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>
           	* 封装了基本的CRUD操作
       	JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
           	* 封装了复杂查询 (分页)

小案例

	@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)     //声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器的配置信息
public class CustomerDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;


    /**
     * 根据id查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindOne() {
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(3L);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
    
 }