Java基础：多线程和其常见方法介绍

多线程即在同一时间，可以做多件事情。

创建多线程有3种方式，分别是继承线程类,实现Runnable接口,匿名类。

1.继承线程类：

//这是被继承的线程类
package charactor;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
  
public class Thread{
    public String name;
    public float hp;
     
    public int damage;
     
    public void attackHero(Hero h) {
        try {
            //为了表示攻击需要时间，每次攻击暂停1000毫秒
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        h.hp-=damage;
        System.out.format("%s 正在攻击 %s, %s的血变成了 %.0f%n",name,h.name,h.name,h.hp);
         
        if(h.isDead())
            System.out.println(h.name +"死了！");
    }
 
    public boolean isDead() {
        return 0>=hp?true:false;
    }
 
}

package multiplethread;
 
import charactor.Hero;
 
public class KillThread extends Thread{
     
    private Hero h1;
    private Hero h2;
 
    public KillThread(Hero h1, Hero h2){
        this.h1 = h1;
        this.h2 = h2;
    }
 
    public void run(){
        while(!h2.isDead()){
            h1.attackHero(h2);
        }
    }
}

package multiplethread;
 
import charactor.Hero;
 
public class TestThread {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         
        Hero gareen = new Hero();
        gareen.name = "盖伦";
        gareen.hp = 616;
        gareen.damage = 50;
 
        Hero teemo = new Hero();
        teemo.name = "提莫";
        teemo.hp = 300;
        teemo.damage = 30;
         
        Hero bh = new Hero();
        bh.name = "赏金猎人";
        bh.hp = 500;
        bh.damage = 65;
         
        Hero leesin = new Hero();
        leesin.name = "盲僧";
        leesin.hp = 455;
        leesin.damage = 80;
         
         //通过实例化对象，调用方法来启动线程
        KillThread killThread1 = new KillThread(gareen,teemo);
        killThread1.start();
        KillThread killThread2 = new KillThread(bh,leesin);
        killThread2.start();
         
    }
     
}

2.实现Runnable接口

package multiplethread;
 
import charactor.Hero;
 
public class Battle implements Runnable{
     
    private Hero h1;
    private Hero h2;
 
    public Battle(Hero h1, Hero h2){
        this.h1 = h1;
        this.h2 = h2;
    }
 
    public void run(){
        while(!h2.isDead()){
            h1.attackHero(h2);
        }
    }
}

package multiplethread;
 
import charactor.Hero;
 
public class TestThread {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         
        Hero gareen = new Hero();
        gareen.name = "盖伦";
        gareen.hp = 616;
        gareen.damage = 50;
 
        Hero teemo = new Hero();
        teemo.name = "提莫";
        teemo.hp = 300;
        teemo.damage = 30;
         
        Hero bh = new Hero();
        bh.name = "赏金猎人";
        bh.hp = 500;
        bh.damage = 65;
         
        Hero leesin = new Hero();
        leesin.name = "盲僧";
        leesin.hp = 455;
        leesin.damage = 80;
         
        Battle battle1 = new Battle(gareen,teemo);
         
        new Thread(battle1).start();
 
        Battle battle2 = new Battle(bh,leesin);
        new Thread(battle2).start();
 
    }
     
}

3.使用匿名类

继承Thread,重写run方法，直接在run方法中写业务代码。匿名类的一个好处是可以很方便的访问外部的局部变量

package multiplethread;
  
import charactor.Hero;
  
public class TestThread {
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {
          
        Hero gareen = new Hero();
        gareen.name = "盖伦";
        gareen.hp = 616;
        gareen.damage = 50;
  
        Hero teemo = new Hero();
        teemo.name = "提莫";
        teemo.hp = 300;
        teemo.damage = 30;
          
        Hero bh = new Hero();
        bh.name = "赏金猎人";
        bh.hp = 500;
        bh.damage = 65;
          
        Hero leesin = new Hero();
        leesin.name = "盲僧";
        leesin.hp = 455;
        leesin.damage = 80;
          
        //匿名类
        Thread t1= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                //匿名类中用到外部的局部变量teemo，必须把teemo声明为final
                //但是在JDK7以后，就不是必须加final的了
                while(!teemo.isDead()){
                    gareen.attackHero(teemo);
                }              
            }
        };
         
        t1.start();
          
        Thread t2= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                while(!leesin.isDead()){
                    bh.attackHero(leesin);
                }              
            }
        };
        t2.start();
         
    }
      
}

常见的线程方法

sleep 当前线程暂停
例：Thread.sleep(1000); 表示当前线程暂停1000毫秒 ，其他线程不受影响

join 加入到当前线程中

        Thread t1= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                while(!teemo.isDead()){
                    gareen.attackHero(teemo);
                }              
            }
        };
          
        t1.start();
 
        //代码执行到这里，一直是main线程在运行
        try {
            //t1线程加入到main线程中来，只有t1线程运行结束，才会继续往下走
            t1.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 
        Thread t2= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                while(!leesin.isDead()){
                    bh.attackHero(leesin);
                }              
            }
        };
        //会观察到盖伦把提莫杀掉后，才运行t2线程
        t2.start();

setPriority 线程优先级，优先级大的会有更大的几率获得CPU资源
t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
t1.start();
t2.start();

yield 临时暂停，使得其他线程可以有更多的机会占用CPU资源

Thread t2= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                while(!leesin.isDead()){
                    //临时暂停，使得t1可以占用CPU资源
                    Thread.yield();
                     
                    bh.attackHero(leesin);
                }              
            }
        };

setDaemon 守护线程， 当一个进程里，所有的线程都是守护线程的时候，结束当前进程。

package multiplethread;
  
public class TestThread {
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {
          
        Thread t1= new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                int seconds =0;
                 
                while(true){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.printf("已经玩了LOL %d 秒%n", seconds++);
                     
                }              
            }
        };
        t1.setDaemon(true);
        t1.start();
          
    }
      
}

文章来源：http://how2j.cn/p/692