用C语言实现简陋版贪吃蛇

尝试了贪吃蛇的编写

第一次编写这么长的程序，说实话C语言并没有学到家，完全只是用数组实现的基本功能。不过在思考如何编写程序的过程中我也收获了许多有用的经验。总之结果还是挺满意的。
由于编程在ubuntu中进行，有些关键函数所需的头文件缺失，下载了扩展包后依旧不能解决，让我纠结了好久，不过还是找出了一些方法，在此我对提供帮助的人表示感谢。

源代码如下：

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>        
    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<sys/time.h>
    #include<sys/types.h>
    #include<termios.h>
    #include<time.h>           
    #include<limits.h>
    #include<fcntl.h>
    #include<signal.h>
    
    #define up 'w'
    #define down 's'
    #define left 'a'                         //定义四个方向的对应字符
    #define right 'd'
    
    int f1,f2,x,y,m,z1,z2,p,q,r,t,li;       //x,y,m is tool,p,q is head,f1 f2 is food,z1,z2 is memory.
    char dir;                               //决定蛇头接下来的方向
    char formal_dir;                        //记忆蛇头原来的方向
    int body1[324];                         //body1和body2两个数组记忆蛇身坐标
    int body2[324];
    
    int main()
    {
        srand((unsigned)time(NULL));        //设置随机数种子/stdlib.h&time.h
        dir='s',li=1,                       //dir：初始方向向下；li为生命
        r=0,t=0,
        p=4,q=4;                            //p，q是蛇头位置，初始位置设为（4,4）
        void food();                        //随机生成食物的函数
        int kbhit(); 
                               //响应键盘敲击（在win中有头文件conio.h，但在Linux中没有，故此处为自行定义）
        int agetch();                       //得到键盘输入字符/linux中没有，自行定义。。。
        void direction();                   //根据输入字符改变蛇头方向
    
        food();
        int bgd[20][20]={1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                        1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};//地图（这样可以轻易修改，加墙啥的）
    
    
        while(1)                                    //重复循环打印
        {  
            system("clear");                        //清屏/stdlib.h
    
            if(bgd[p][q]==1)                        //判断是否撞到墙或咬到自己
                li=0;
            else if(bgd[p][q]==3)
                {li=0;}
    
            if (li==0)                              //死亡
                break;
    
            r=0;          
            if(p==f1&&q==f2)                        //刷新食物
                {food();}
            r=0;
    
            bgd[f1][f2]=4;
            bgd[p][q]=2;
            z1=p,z2=q;
    
            x=0,y=0;                                //打印，0：空位；1：墙；2：蛇头；3：蛇身；4：食物
            for(m=1;y<20;y++)
                {x=0;
                for(m=1;x<20;x++)
                    {if(bgd[y][x]==1)
                        printf("#");
                    else if(bgd[y][x]==0)
                        printf(" ");
                    else if(bgd[y][x]==2)
                        printf("@");
                    else if(bgd[y][x]==3)
                        printf("0");
                    else if(bgd[y][x]==4)
                        printf("$");
                    }                
                printf("\n");
                }
    
            formal_dir=dir;
    
            usleep(300000);                          //休眠函数，sleep单位为秒，usleep为微秒/因gcc:unistd.h
    
            if(kbhit())                              //检测有无按键输入，并传给direction（）
                {dir=agetch();                    
                }
            direction();
    
            bgd[z1][z2]=3;
    
            //将蛇身坐标依次记录到数组，并传递变化
            if(f1==p&&f2==q)                         //咬到食物，增加元素
                {body1[t]=z1;
                body2[t]=z2;
                t=t+1;
                }
            else                                     //未咬到食物，元素位置传递
                {
    
                    if(t==0)
                        {body1[0]=z1;
                        body2[0]=z2;
                        bgd[body1[0]][body2[0]]=0;}
                    else 
                    {   body1[t]=z1;
                        body2[t]=z2;               
                        r=0;
                        bgd[body1[0]][body2[0]]=0;
    
                        while(r<t)
                            {   
                                body1[r]=body1[r+1];
                                body2[r]=body2[r+1];
                                r=r+1;
                            }
                    }        
                }
                
        }
        printf("GAME OVER\nscore:%d\n",t);
    }
    
    void food()
    {
        f1=rand()%18+1;
        f2=rand()%18+1;
        if(f1==p&&f2==q)                           //食物是否和蛇头重合
            {food();}
    
        while(t>r)                                 //食物是否和蛇身重合
            {   
                if(f1==body1[r]&&f2==body2[r])
                    {food();}
                r=r+1;
            }    
    } 
    
    void direction()
    {   if(dir==up&&formal_dir==down)              //防止控制蛇往回走
            dir=formal_dir;
        else if(dir==down&&formal_dir==up)
            dir=formal_dir;
        else if(dir==left&&formal_dir==right)
            dir=formal_dir;
        else if(dir==right&&formal_dir==left)
            {dir=formal_dir;}
        switch(dir)                                //蛇四面运动的实现
        {   case up:p=p-1;break;
            case down:p=p+1;break;
            case left:q=q-1;break;
            case right:q=q+1;break;
            default:                               //若为其他键输入，则无效化
            {dir=formal_dir;
            direction();}
        }
    }
    
    int agetch()
    {
         struct termios tm, tm_old;
         int fd = 0, ch;
    
         if (tcgetattr(fd, &tm) < 0) {//保存现在的终端设置
              return -1;
         }
    
         tm_old = tm;
         cfmakeraw(&tm);//更改终端设置为原始模式，该模式下所有的输入数据以字节为单位被处理
         if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tm) < 0) {//设置上更改之后的设置
              return -1;
         }
    
         ch = getchar();
         if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tm_old) < 0) {//更改设置为最初的样子
              return -1;
         }
         return ch;
    }
    
    
    int kbhit(void)                                  //抄来的。。。
    {  
          struct termios oldt, newt;  
          int ch;  
          int oldf;  
          tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldt);  
          newt = oldt;  
          newt.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO);  
          tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &newt);  
          oldf = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);  
          fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, oldf | O_NONBLOCK);  
          ch = getchar();  
          tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldt);  
          fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, oldf);  
          if(ch != EOF)  
          {  
            ungetc(ch, stdin);  
            return 1;  
          }  
          return 0; 
    }