Docker安装和简单应用

1. 安装

#centos
sudo curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

2. 加速
   到阿里容器镜像服务查看具体操作

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://yours.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

官网给的大题使用流程

1. Create a sample Python application
2. Create a new Dockerfile which contains instructions required to build a Python image
3. Build an image and run the newly built image as a container
4. Set up volumes and networking
5. Orchestrate containers using Compose
6. Use containers for development
7. Configure a CI/CD pipeline for your application using GitHub Actions
8. Deploy your application to the cloud

Python程序的Docker样例

https://docs.docker.com/language/python/build-images/

简单应用示例

创建一个简单的flask应用和目录python-docker

$ cd /path/to/python-docker
$ pip3 install Flask
$ pip3 freeze > requirements.txt
$ touch app.py

添加代码

# app.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello, Docker!'

测试一下代码

$ python3 -m flask run

$ curl http://localhost:5000
127.0.0.1 - - [22/Sep/2020 11:07:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

编写Dockerfile文件，Dockerfile是一个包含打镜像所需的所有命令，执行docker build时会连续执行里面的命令，新建名为Dockerfile的文件

# vim Dockerfile
# 首先添加基础镜像，会继承自其他镜像，这个镜像也可以自己定制一个专属的，方便在做其他项目时复用
FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
# 设置默认路径,这是容器里的路径，并不是本机的
WORKDIR /app
# 复制requirements.txt到/app目录下
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
# 安装依赖
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
# 复制代码到/app
COPY . .
# 要执行的命令
CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]

当前目录结构如下

python-docker
|____ app.py
|____ requirements.txt
|____ Dockerfile

打镜像

$ docker build --tag python-docker .
[+] Building 2.7s (10/10) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
 => => transferring dockerfile: 203B
 => [internal] load .dockerignore
 => => transferring context: 2B
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8-slim-buster
 => [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8-slim-buster
 => [internal] load build context
 => => transferring context: 953B
 => CACHED [2/6] WORKDIR /app
 => [3/6] COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
 => [4/6] RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
 => [5/6] COPY . .
 => [6/6] CMD [ "python3", "-m", "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
 => exporting to image
 => => exporting layers
 => => writing image sha256:8cae92a8fbd6d091ce687b71b31252056944b09760438905b726625831564c4c
 => => naming to docker.io/library/python-docker

查看本地镜像，一个是from的基础镜像，另一个就是我们刚打包的

$ docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
python-docker   latest            8cae92a8fbd6   3 minutes ago   123MB
python          3.8-slim-buster   be5d294735c6   9 days ago      113MB

给镜像打tag

$ docker tag python-docker:latest python-docker:v1.0.0

打完tag以后不会增加镜像，只是加了一个tag， IMAGE ID是相同的

$ docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
python-docker   latest            8cae92a8fbd6   4 minutes ago   123MB
python-docker   v1.0.0            8cae92a8fbd6   4 minutes ago   123MB
python          3.8-slim-buster   be5d294735c6   9 days ago      113MB

如果docker images返回的镜像，可以删除省空间，docker rmi 用于删除
如果提示需要强制，docker rmi -f 即可，如果是docker images -a，会看到一堆，这种是正常的，docker是分层的，dockerfile里每条指令都会产生intermediate layer，也就会有，这种就乖乖的留着

将镜像以容器运行

运行容器，注意-p/–publish

$ docker run -p 8000:5000 python-docker

检查是否运行成功

$ curl localhost:8000
curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 8000: Connection refused