20.数据存储技术

SharedPreferences存储

实例–实现登录功能

package com.example.practice16;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String zhanghao = "123";
    private String mima = "456";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final EditText usernameET = findViewById(R.id.e1);
        final EditText passwordET = findViewById(R.id.e2);
        Button b1 = findViewById(R.id.b1);
        //获取SharedPreferences对象
        final SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("hello",MODE_PRIVATE);
        //实现自动登录功能
        String username = sp.getString("username",null);//获取账号信息
        String password = sp.getString("password",null);//获取密码
        if(username!=null && password!=null){
            if(username.equals(zhanghao)&&password.equals(mima)){
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MessageActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        }
        //实现手动登录并存储账号和密码
        else {
            b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
                    String in_username = usernameET.getText().toString();
                    String in_password = passwordET.getText().toString();
                    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sp.edit();
                    if(in_username.equals(zhanghao)&&in_password.equals(mima)){
                        editor.putString("username",in_username);//保存账号
                        editor.putString("password",in_password);//保存密码
                        editor.commit();//提交信息
                        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MessageActivity.class);
                        startActivity(intent);
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"已保存账号和密码",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }else{
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"账号和密码错误",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

内部存储

package com.example.practice17;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    byte[] buffer = null;//定义保存数据的数组

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn_save = findViewById(R.id.b1);
        Button btn_cancel = findViewById(R.id.b2);
        final EditText etext = findViewById(R.id.e1);

        btn_save.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //保存填写的备忘信息
                FileOutputStream fos = null; //声明文件输出流
                String text = etext.getText().toString();//获取输入备忘信息
                try {
                    fos = openFileOutput("memo",MODE_PRIVATE);//获取文件输出流对象
                    try {
                        fos.write(text.getBytes());
                        fos.flush();//清除缓存
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if (fos != null) {
                        try {
                            fos.close();//关闭输出流
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "保存成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        //读取保存的备忘信息
        FileInputStream fis = null; //声明文件输入流对象
        try {
            fis = openFileInput("memo");//获取文件输入流对象
            buffer=new byte[fis.available()];//实例化字节数组
            fis.read(buffer);//从输入流中读取数据
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fis!=null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();//关闭输入流对象
                    String data = new String(buffer);//把字节数组中的数据转换成字符串
                    etext.setText(data);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        btn_cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {

                finish();//退出应用
            }
        });
    }
}

外部存储

package com.example.practice17;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    byte[] buffer = null;//定义保存数据的数组
    File file; //声明一个文件对象，用来指定外部存储文件的
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn_save = findViewById(R.id.b1);
        Button btn_cancel = findViewById(R.id.b2);
        final EditText etext = findViewById(R.id.e1);
        file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"Text.text"); //实例化文件对象

        btn_save.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //保存填写的备忘信息
                FileOutputStream fos = null; //声明文件输出流
                String text = etext.getText().toString();//获取输入备忘信息
                try {
                    fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
                    try {
                        fos.write(text.getBytes());
                        fos.flush();//清除缓存
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if (fos != null) {
                        try {
                            fos.close();//关闭输出流
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "保存成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        //读取保存的备忘信息
        FileInputStream fis = null; //声明文件输入流对象
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(file);//获取文件输入流对象
            buffer=new byte[fis.available()];//实例化字节数组
            fis.read(buffer);//从输入流中读取数据
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fis!=null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();//关闭输入流对象
                    String data = new String(buffer);//把字节数组中的数据转换成字符串
                    etext.setText(data);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        btn_cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {

                finish();//退出应用
            }
        });
    }
}

数据库存储----使用代码操作SQLite

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Content Provider