详解ArrayList

所看源码JDK版本为1.8

1、底层实现

/**
* The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
* The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
* empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
* will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

ArrayList底层实现为Object[]

2、默认初始容量

/**
* Default initial capacity.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

若不指定初始容量，那么初始容量为10。

3、不是一开始就new Object[]

 /**
* Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

/**
* Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
* distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
* first element is added.
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

/**
 * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
 * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
 *         is negative
 */
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
    	// 指定容量大于0时，会真正创建Object数组
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
    	// 指定容量为0时，不会真正创建Object数组
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                           initialCapacity);
    }
}

/**
 * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
 */
public ArrayList() {
	// 没有指定容量时，并不会真正创建Object数组
    this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}

ArrayList刚被创建出来，还未添加元素时，并不是都会真正new Object[]。

• 当创建ArrayList没有指定容量时，elementData被赋值为private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA，当添加第一个元素时，才会真正new Object[]。
• 当创建ArrayList指定了容量为0时，elementData被赋值为private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA，当添加第一个元素时，才会真正new Object[]。
• 当创建ArrayList指定了容量并且容量不为0时，会真正创建Object数组，this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]。

4、扩容

int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);

ArrayList每次扩容容量变为原来的1.5倍

5、线程不安全

ArrayList中所有的操作都没有加锁，是线程不安全的。