R使用正则表达式_r matches-CSDN博客

R使用正则表达式

#R里面自带的正则表达式grep，grepl,前者返回的是索引，后者返回的是逻辑向量

telephone=c("123-23451", "1225-3123", "121-45672", "1332-1231", "1212-3212" ,"123456789")
grep('^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{4}$',telephone)
output:[1] 2,4,5
telephone[grep('^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{5}$',telephone)]
output:[1] "123-23451","121-45672"

# 如果你想选取除了以上两种的其他形式的子集，可以使用grepl()【可以说查找异常值】
telephone[!grepl('^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{4}$',telephone) & !grepl('^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{5}$',telephone)]
output:[1] "123456789"

#stringr包的str_match()函数
#str_match(x1,x2);有两个参数x1，x2；x1表示正则表达式，而且只返回括号括起来的元素，x2表示数据，返回的值为在x2的基础上新增了匹配的圆括号里的元素，有几个圆括号就新增几列，如果没匹配到的，这一行全为NA。

 fruits
[1] "apple:20"                 "orange:missing"           "banana:30"               
[4] "pear:sent to Jerry"       "watermelon:2"             "blueberry:12"            
[7] "strawberry:sent to James"

library(stringr)
matches <- str_match(fruits,'^(\\w+):\\s?(\\d+)$')
matches
output:[1] matches
     [,1]           [,2]         [,3]
[1,] "apple:20"     "apple"      "20"
[2,] NA             NA           NA  
[3,] "banana:30"    "banana"     "30"
[4,] NA             NA           NA  
[5,] "watermelon:2" "watermelon" "2" 
[6,] "blueberry:12" "blueberry"  "12"
[7,] NA             NA           NA

#我现在想matches有效的行转为数据框结构

fruits_df <- data.frame(na.omit(matches[,-1]),stringAsFactor=FALSE)
fruits_df
output:
        name number
1      apple     20
2     banana     30
3 watermelon      2
4  blueberry     12