本文中介绍前几个序列函数,NTILE,ROW_NUMBER,RANK,DENSE_RANK,下面会一一解释各自的用途。
Hive版本为 apache-hive-0.13.1
注意: 序列函数不支持WINDOW子句。(什么是WINDOW子句)
数据准备:
- cookie1,2015-04-10,1
- cookie1,2015-04-11,5
- cookie1,2015-04-12,7
- cookie1,2015-04-13,3
- cookie1,2015-04-14,2
- cookie1,2015-04-15,4
- cookie1,2015-04-16,4
- cookie2,2015-04-10,2
- cookie2,2015-04-11,3
- cookie2,2015-04-12,5
- cookie2,2015-04-13,6
- cookie2,2015-04-14,3
- cookie2,2015-04-15,9
- cookie2,2015-04-16,7
- CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
- cookieid string,
- createtime string, --day
- pv INT
- ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
- FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
- stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
- DESC lxw1234;
- cookieid STRING
- createtime STRING
- pv INT
- hive> select * from lxw1234;
- OK
- cookie1 2015-04-10 1
- cookie1 2015-04-11 5
- cookie1 2015-04-12 7
- cookie1 2015-04-13 3
- cookie1 2015-04-14 2
- cookie1 2015-04-15 4
- cookie1 2015-04-16 4
- cookie2 2015-04-10 2
- cookie2 2015-04-11 3
- cookie2 2015-04-12 5
- cookie2 2015-04-13 6
- cookie2 2015-04-14 3
- cookie2 2015-04-15 9
- cookie2 2015-04-16 7
NTILE
NTILE(n),用于将分组数据按照顺序切分成n片,返回当前切片值
NTILE不支持ROWS BETWEEN,比如 NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
如果切片不均匀,默认增加第一个切片的分布
- SELECT
- cookieid,
- createtime,
- pv,
- NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn1, --分组内将数据分成2片
- NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn2, --分组内将数据分成3片
- NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY createtime) AS rn3 --将所有数据分成4片
- FROM lxw1234
- ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;
- cookieid day pv rn1 rn2 rn3
- -------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-10 1 1 1 1
- cookie1 2015-04-11 5 1 1 1
- cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1 1 2
- cookie1 2015-04-13 3 1 2 2
- cookie1 2015-04-14 2 2 2 3
- cookie1 2015-04-15 4 2 3 3
- cookie1 2015-04-16 4 2 3 4
- cookie2 2015-04-10 2 1 1 1
- cookie2 2015-04-11 3 1 1 1
- cookie2 2015-04-12 5 1 1 2
- cookie2 2015-04-13 6 1 2 2
- cookie2 2015-04-14 3 2 2 3
- cookie2 2015-04-15 9 2 3 4
- cookie2 2015-04-16 7 2 3 4
–比如,统计一个cookie,pv数最多的前1/3的天
- SELECT
- cookieid,
- createtime,
- pv,
- NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn
- FROM lxw1234;
- --rn = 1 的记录,就是我们想要的结果
- cookieid day pv rn
- ----------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1
- cookie1 2015-04-11 5 1
- cookie1 2015-04-15 4 1
- cookie1 2015-04-16 4 2
- cookie1 2015-04-13 3 2
- cookie1 2015-04-14 2 3
- cookie1 2015-04-10 1 3
- cookie2 2015-04-15 9 1
- cookie2 2015-04-16 7 1
- cookie2 2015-04-13 6 1
- cookie2 2015-04-12 5 2
- cookie2 2015-04-14 3 2
- cookie2 2015-04-11 3 3
- cookie2 2015-04-10 2 3
ROW_NUMBER
ROW_NUMBER() –从1开始,按照顺序,生成分组内记录的序列
–比如,按照pv降序排列,生成分组内每天的pv名次
ROW_NUMBER() 的应用场景非常多,再比如,获取分组内排序第一的记录;获取一个session中的第一条refer等。
- SELECT
- cookieid,
- createtime,
- pv,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn
- FROM lxw1234;
- cookieid day pv rn
- -------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1
- cookie1 2015-04-11 5 2
- cookie1 2015-04-15 4 3
- cookie1 2015-04-16 4 4
- cookie1 2015-04-13 3 5
- cookie1 2015-04-14 2 6
- cookie1 2015-04-10 1 7
- cookie2 2015-04-15 9 1
- cookie2 2015-04-16 7 2
- cookie2 2015-04-13 6 3
- cookie2 2015-04-12 5 4
- cookie2 2015-04-14 3 5
- cookie2 2015-04-11 3 6
- cookie2 2015-04-10 2 7
RANK 和 DENSE_RANK
—RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名,排名相等会在名次中留下空位
—DENSE_RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名,排名相等会在名次中不会留下空位
- SELECT
- cookieid,
- createtime,
- pv,
- RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn1,
- DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn2,
- ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn3
- FROM lxw1234
- WHERE cookieid = 'cookie1';
- cookieid day pv rn1 rn2 rn3
- --------------------------------------------------
- cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1 1 1
- cookie1 2015-04-11 5 2 2 2
- cookie1 2015-04-15 4 3 3 3
- cookie1 2015-04-16 4 3 3 4
- cookie1 2015-04-13 3 5 4 5
- cookie1 2015-04-14 2 6 5 6
- cookie1 2015-04-10 1 7 6 7
- rn1: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第5
- rn2: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第4
- rn3: 如果相等,则按记录值排序,生成唯一的次序,如果所有记录值都相等,或许会随机排吧。