Laravel学习笔记

Laravel基础知识

1. public目录存放css，js等公共文件
2. resources文件下的views目录存放的是视图文件
3. routes文件下存放的是路由配置文件
4. vandor 扩展类composer安装的扩展都会在这里显示
5. database文件下存放数据库的migrations

Laravel生成需要的控制器

生成控制器

php artistan make:controller ArticlesController

生成model

php artistan make: make:model Articles

生成验证类

php artisan  make:request CreateArticleRequest

记不清楚命令的可以输入 PHPsrtisan查看

E:\wamp64\www\blog>php artisan
Laravel Framework 5.4.36

Usage:
  command [options] [arguments]

Options:
  -h, --help            Display this help message
  -q, --quiet           Do not output any message
  -V, --version         Display this application version
      --ansi            Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi         Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction  Do not ask any interactive question
      --env[=ENV]       The environment the command should run under
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Available commands:
  clear-compiled       Remove the compiled class file
  down                 Put the application into maintenance mode
  env                  Display the current framework environment
  help                 Displays help for a command
  inspire              Display an inspiring quote
  list                 Lists commands
  migrate              Run the database migrations
  optimize             Optimize the framework for better performance
  serve                Serve the application on the PHP development server
  tinker               Interact with your application
  up                   Bring the application out of maintenance mode
 app
  app:name             Set the application namespace
 auth
  auth:clear-resets    Flush expired password reset tokens
 cache
  cache:clear          Flush the application cache
  cache:forget         Remove an item from the cache
  cache:table          Create a migration for the cache database table
 config
  config:cache         Create a cache file for faster configuration loading
  config:clear         Remove the configuration cache file
 db
  db:seed              Seed the database with records
 event
  event:generate       Generate the missing events and listeners based on registration
 key
  key:generate         Set the application key
 make
  make:auth            Scaffold basic login and registration views and routes
  make:command         Create a new Artisan command
  make:controller      Create a new controller class
  make:event           Create a new event class
  make:job             Create a new job class
  make:listener        Create a new event listener class
  make:mail            Create a new email class
  make:middleware      Create a new middleware class
  make:migration       Create a new migration file
  make:model           Create a new Eloquent model class
  make:notification    Create a new notification class
  make:policy          Create a new policy class
  make:provider        Create a new service provider class
  make:request         Create a new form request class
  make:seeder          Create a new seeder class
  make:test            Create a new test class
 migrate
  migrate:install      Create the migration repository
  migrate:refresh      Reset and re-run all migrations
  migrate:reset        Rollback all database migrations
  migrate:rollback     Rollback the last database migration
  migrate:status       Show the status of each migration
 notifications
  notifications:table  Create a migration for the notifications table
 queue
  queue:failed         List all of the failed queue jobs
  queue:failed-table   Create a migration for the failed queue jobs database table
  queue:flush          Flush all of the failed queue jobs
  queue:forget         Delete a failed queue job
  queue:listen         Listen to a given queue
  queue:restart        Restart queue worker daemons after their current job
  queue:retry          Retry a failed queue job
  queue:table          Create a migration for the queue jobs database table
  queue:work           Start processing jobs on the queue as a daemon
 route
  route:cache          Create a route cache file for faster route registration
  route:clear          Remove the route cache file
  route:list           List all registered routes
 schedule
  schedule:run         Run the scheduled commands
 session
  session:table        Create a migration for the session database table
 storage
  storage:link         Create a symbolic link from "public/storage" to "storage/app/public"
 vendor
  vendor:publish       Publish any publishable assets from vendor packages
 view
  view:clear           Clear all compiled view files

基本操作

1. 显示视图层

 return view('welcome');  //加载页面
 //多个变量输出到视图层
 return view('index.about')->with(array(
            'name'=>$name,
            'sex'=>$sex
        ));
 //一个参数变量输出
 return view('articles.index')->with('article',$article);//articles控制器中的index方法

1. 视图层文件每个控制器对应一个文件夹,后缀名为.blade.php
   
2. 数据调用

{{$article->content}}//调用数据

if 判断语句和foreach循环语句

@if ($errors->any())
   <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <ul>
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    </div>
@endif

session调用

{{ Session::get('name') }}

文章分页调用

{{ $articles->links() }}

引入css文件js方法也是一样的

<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ URL::asset('css/article.css') }}">

url链接，前面为方法，后面为传递的参数值

<a href="{{url('articles',$article->id)}}">文章一</a>

引入公共头部和底部
在views目录下面建立head.blade.php和footer.blade.php文件参考代码如下

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>关于我们</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align: center">我是头部</h1>
@yield('content')
<h1 style="text-align: center">我是底部</h1>
</body>
</html>

其他页面引入头部和底部文件

@extends('head')//继承head文件

在head文件中的content书写页面主体

@section('content')//开始
<h1 style="text-align: center">Article</h1>
@foreach($articles as $article)
    <h2 style="text-align: center"><a href="{{url('articles',$article->id)}}">{{$article->title}}</a></h2>
    <article style="text-align: center">
        <div class="pull-right">
            {{$article->content}}
        </div>
    </article>
    <h5 style="text-align: center">{{ $articles->links() }}</h5>
    @endforeach
    @stop//结束
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ URL::asset('css/article.css') }}">
@extends('footer')//继承footer文件

3. 控制器层代码编写
   获取全部文章内容，根据id排序，分页。

public function index(){
        $articles = Articles::orderBy('id', 'desc')->paginate(1);//模型查询
        return view('articles.index')->with('articles',$articles);
}

获取单个文章的内容

 $article = Articles::findOrFail($id);//模型查询

添加一篇文章CreateArticleRequest 为验证类，头部需要引入CreateArticleRequest类
引入Db类

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use App\Http\Requests\CreateArticleRequest;
public function store(CreateArticleRequest $request){
        $input = $request->all();
        DB::table('articles')->insert($input);//数据库方式插入
        return redirect('/articles');//跳转到指定的页面
}

验证类代码编写

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class CreateArticleRequest extends FormRequest
{
    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function authorize()
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            'title'=>'required',
            'content'=>'required',//
        ];
    }
}

显示验证未通过的代码

@if ($errors->any())
   <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <ul>
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    </div>
@endif

4. 路由配置

Route::get('/','IndexController@index');// http://www.****.com = index控制器下的index方法

Route::get('/about/','IndexController@about');//http://www.****.com/about =index控制器about方法

Route::get('/articles/add','ArticlesController@add');//http://www.****.com/articles/add = articles控制器add方法

Route::get('/articles/{id}','ArticlesController@show');//http://www.****.com/articles/5 = id是5的文章