Linux常用命令来源单词

1、目录名：

/boot：顾名思义

/root ：同上

/run：同上

/home：同上

/etc：ETCetera

/bin：BINaries

/dev：DEVices

/lib：LIBraries

/mnt：MouNT

/proc：PROCesses

/tmp：TeMPorary

/var：VARiable

/srv：SeRVices

/opt：OPTional

/sbin：Super BINaries

or Superuser BINaries

/sys：SYStem

/usr：Unix System Resources

or Unix Software Resources

or Unix Shared Resources（这个很重要，很多人会认为这个是user）

2、常用命令：

2.1、文件及文件夹管理：

ls – LiSt

cd – Change Directory

pwd – Print Working Directory

cp – CoPy

mv – MoVe

rm – ReMove

pushd – PUSH to Directory

popd – POP from Directory

mkdir – MaKe DIRectory

rmdir – ReMove DIRectory

cat – CATenate

or conCATenate

sed – Stream EDitor

diff – DIFFerence

wc – Word Count

chmod – CHange MODe

chown – CHange OWNer

chgrp – CHange GRouP

awk – Aho Weinberger and Kernighan

gawk – Gnu AWK

mawk – Minimal AWK

grep – General Regular Expression Print

ln – LiNk

tar – TARball

2.2、硬件管理：

df – Disk Free

du – Disk Usage

dd – Data Description（有说是Convert and Copy， 但是cc被用掉了，就用dd了）

parted – PARTition EDitor

fdisk – Format DISK

lspci – LiSt Peripheral Component Interconnect

lscpu – LiSt Central Process Unit

lsusb – LiSt Universal Serial Bus

lsblk – LiSt BLocK

mdadm – Multiple Disk And Device Manager

2.2.1、lvm

lvm – Logical Volume Manager

pvcreate – Physical Volume CREATE

vgcreate – Volume Group CREATE

lvcreate – Logical Volume CREATE

pvdisplay – Physical Volume DISPLAY

vgdisplay – Volume Group DISPLAY

lvdisplay – Logical Volume DISPLAY

pvresize – Physical Volume RESIZE

vgresize – Volume Group RESIZE

lvresize – Logical Volume RESIZE

pvextend – Physical Volume EXTEND

vgextend – Volume Group EXTEND

lvextend – Logical Volume EXTEND

pvremove – Physical Volume REMOVE

vgremove – Volume Group REMOVE

lvremove – Logical Volume REMOVE

pvs – Physical Volume Status

vgs – Volume Group Status

lvs – Logical Volume Status

2.3、软件及软件包管理：

man – MANual

apt – Advanced Packaging Tool

dpkg – Debian PacKaGe

yum – Yellow dog Updater, Modified

rpm – RPM Package Manager

or Redhat Package Manager

2.4、用户及用户组管理：

useradd – USER Add

userdel – USER DELete

usermod – USER MODify

users – USER Status

groupadd – GROUP ADD

groupdel – GROUP DELete

groupmod – GROUP MODify

groupmems – GROUP MEMberS

2.5、系统管理：

depmod – DEPend MODule

lsmod – LiSt MODule

modprobe – MODule PROBE

modinfo – MODule INFOrmation

insmod – INSert MODule

rmmod – ReMove MODule

mkfs – MaKe FileSystem

fsck – File System Consistency Check

ps – Processes Status

su – Substitute User

bash – Bourne Again SHell

dash – Debian Almquist SHell

init – INITialization

ssh – Secure SHell

wine – Wine Is Not an Emulator

exec – EXECute

fstab – FileSystem TABle

passwd – PASSWorD

chpasswd – CHange PASSWorD

pwconv – PassWord CONVert

pwunconv – PassWord UNCONVert

tty – TeleTYpe

sudo – SuperUser DO

grub – GRand Unified Bootloader

tzselect – Time Zone SELECT

sync – SYNChronize

systemd – SYSTEM Daemon (里面有systemctl bootctl journalctl loginctl localectl timedatectl 等等，都是blablabla ConTroL）

2.6、编辑器：

ed – EDitor

nano – Nano’s ANOther editor

emacs – Editor MACroS（还有很多全称，就不罗列了，这个接受度比较广）

vi – VIsual

vim – Vi Improved

2.7、编译器：

cc – C Compiler

gcc – Gnu Compiler Collection（作为一个软件集被你下载下来编译安装的时候）

gcc – Gnu C Compiler (作为一个软件被你调用来编译C程序的时候）

g++ – Gnu c++ compiler

gcj – Gnu Compiler for Java

yacc – Yet Another Compiler Compiler

guile – Gnu Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions

gas – Gnu Assembler

php – PHP：Hypertext Preprocessor

ld – LoaD

gdb – Gnu DeBug

tcl – Tool Command Line

3、图形界面：

gnome – GNu Object Model Environment

gdm – Gnome Display Manager

gtk – Graphic user interface ToolKit

qt – ………………Toolkit（不说Q了，用Q只是因为在开发者的Emacs中Q特别漂亮…………）

kde – K Desktop Environment

lxde – Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment

xfce – XForms Common Environment

4、参数（声明：只是通常会使用的参数，并不一定是通用参数，使用时请注意）：

-h | –help：help

-v | –version：version（吐槽一下java）

5、许可证：

gnu gpl : Gnu General Public License

gnu lgpl : Gnu General Lesser Public License

gfdl : Gnu Free Documentation License

agpl : Affero General Public License（或简写为Affero gpl)

apsl : Apple Public Source License

bsd : Berkeley Software Distribution license