线程有哪几种状态?

snowbaobao

已于 2022-11-04 08:46:01 修改

阅读量718

点赞数

文章标签： java

于 2022-10-30 21:11:13 首次发布

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45076180/article/details/108316340

版权

线程是调度CPU资源的最小单位，线程模型分为KLT模型与ULT模型，JVM使用的KLT模型，一个java线程对应一个OS线程，线程有多个生命状态。建议结合jstack信息分析。

1 java.lang.Thread.State

新建：NEW（尚未启动的线程的线程状态）
运行：RUNNABLE（可运行线程的线程状态。包括Running,Ready和其他状态）
阻塞：BLOCKED(等待监视器锁而阻塞的线程的线程状态)
等待：WAITING(等待线程的线程状态,一个处于等待状态的线程正在等待另一个线程执行一个特定的操作)
超时等待： TIMED_WAITING(具有指定等待时间的等待线程的线程状态,)
终结：TERMINATED(已终止线程的线程状态。线程已完成执行)

在这里插入图片描述

2 threadStatus

Thread内部不存state的值。而是通过threadStatus计算出state。
Thread.java

    /* Java thread status for tools,
     * initialized to indicate thread 'not yet started'
     */

    private volatile int threadStatus = 0;

    /**
     * Returns the state of this thread.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
     * not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @return this thread's state.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public State getState() {
        // get current thread state
        return sun.misc.VM.toThreadState(threadStatus);
    }

VM.java

    /* The threadStatus field is set by the VM at state transition
     * in the hotspot implementation. Its value is set according to
     * the JVM TI specification GetThreadState function.
     */
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_ALIVE = 0x0001;
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_TERMINATED = 0x0002;
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_RUNNABLE = 0x0004;
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER = 0x0400;
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_WAITING_INDEFINITELY = 0x0010;
    private final static int JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_WAITING_WITH_TIMEOUT = 0x0020;
        /**
     * Returns Thread.State for the given threadStatus
     */
    public static Thread.State toThreadState(int threadStatus) {
        if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_RUNNABLE) != 0) {
            return RUNNABLE;
        } else if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER) != 0) {
            return BLOCKED;
        } else if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_WAITING_INDEFINITELY) != 0) {
            return WAITING;
        } else if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_WAITING_WITH_TIMEOUT) != 0) {
            return TIMED_WAITING;
        } else if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_TERMINATED) != 0) {
            return TERMINATED;
        } else if ((threadStatus & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_ALIVE) == 0) {
            return NEW;
        } else {
            return RUNNABLE;
        }
    }

从上面代码中可以看出，RUNNABLE是一个兜底的状态，RUNNABLE不能说线程在执行。具体state看下https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/platform/jvmti/jvmti.html#GetThreadState

3 线程的阻塞和等待状态有什么区别？

阻塞：当前线程试图获取锁，而锁被其他线程持有着，则当前线程进入阻塞状态。也就是线程和其他线程抢锁没抢到，就处于阻塞状态了；（此时线程还没进同步代码块）(synchronized)
等待：线程抢到了锁进了同步代码块，（由于某种业务需求）某些条件下Object.wait()或join了，就处于了等待状态。（此时线程已经进入了同步代码块）。是一种主动行为，你不知道它什么时候被唤醒，唤醒后需要重新获取锁。(Object.wait、Thread.join、LockSupport.park）

4 Debugger工具

本地开发使用，RUNNING对应java.lang.Thread.State#RUNNABLE，获得cpu调度。
在这里插入图片描述

5 jstack

线程信息更全，生产环境使用，重点掌握。没有RUNNING，只有RUNNABLE。

Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.144-b01 mixed mode):

"Service Thread" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000026c55000 nid=0x1de0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000026c53000 nid=0x2ff4 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000026c52000 nid=0x1ff0 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000026bf6800 nid=0x111c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000026be9000 nid=0x2eac runnable [0x000000002729e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x000000071e586b08> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x000000071e586b08> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:47)

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000025898800 nid=0x2e28 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000026bb0800 nid=0x2910 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x000000002582a800 nid=0x1140 in Object.wait() [0x0000000026b9f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000071e588c20> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:143)
        - locked <0x000000071e588c20> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:164)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:209)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000025809000 nid=0x17f8 in Object.wait() [0x0000000026a9f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000071e590178> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x000000071e590178> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000000260d800 nid=0xe30 runnable [0x0000000002b9f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.writeBytes(Native Method)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.write(FileOutputStream.java:326)
        at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:82)
        at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:140)
        - locked <0x000000071e5ca5f0> (a java.io.BufferedOutputStream)
        at java.io.PrintStream.write(PrintStream.java:482)
        - locked <0x000000071e59c080> (a java.io.PrintStream)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.writeBytes(StreamEncoder.java:221)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.implFlushBuffer(StreamEncoder.java:291)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.flushBuffer(StreamEncoder.java:104)
        - locked <0x000000071e59c040> (a java.io.OutputStreamWriter)
        at java.io.OutputStreamWriter.flushBuffer(OutputStreamWriter.java:185)
        at java.io.PrintStream.newLine(PrintStream.java:546)
        - eliminated <0x000000071e59c080> (a java.io.PrintStream)
        at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:807)
        - locked <0x000000071e59c080> (a java.io.PrintStream)
        at org.example.ThreadStateTest.main(ThreadStateTest.java:6)

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000025808000 nid=0x25c4 runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002cf7000 nid=0x1f94 runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002cf9000 nid=0xc10 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002cfa800 nid=0xab4 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002cfc000 nid=0x10d8 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000026cc5800 nid=0x40c waiting on condition

JNI global references: 19