springMVC(一)-环境搭建与页面跳转

一、环境搭建

1、创建 web 项目并添加依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>springmvc1</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc1</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <release>14</release>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.3</version>
        <configuration>
          <warSourceDirectory>WebContent/WEB-INF</warSourceDirectory>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  
  <dependencies>
  		
	  	<!-- spring-webmvc -->
	    <dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
		    <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
	    </dependency>
  	
  		<!--    spring-context    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--    spring-core    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--    spring-aop    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--    spring-beans    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
  	
  		<!-- spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.30.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- servlet -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
		    <version>4.0.1</version>
		    <scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		        
  </dependencies>
</project>

2、配置 WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springmvc</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<!-- 若不配置spring配置文件路径，则默认文件名为 springDispatcher-servlet.xml (servlet的name-servlet.xml)
  		默认路径为 WEB-INF/springDispatcher-servlet.xml-->
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<!-- 加载springmvc配置文件 -->
  		<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<!-- 拦截所有请求，并交由springDispatcher控制请求-->
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  	
  	<!-- 拦截/index开头的请求，并交由springDispatcher控制请求
  	<url-pattern>/index</url-pattern>	-->
  	
  	<!-- 只拦截该求情，并交由springDispatcher控制请求
  	<url-pattern>/index/xx.jsp</url-pattern>	-->
  	
  	<!-- 只拦截.jsp结尾的请求，并交由springDispatcher控制请求
  	<url-pattern>.jsp</url-pattern>		-->
  </servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app>

3、创建springmvc配置文件springmvc.xml,该文件放置在classpath类路径下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       ">
        <!-- 开启扫描器 -->
       <context:component-scan base-package="com.slq.controller"></context:component-scan>
       
       <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
       		<!-- 在返回值前添加前缀 -->
	       	<property name="prefix" value="/views/"></property>
	       	<!-- 在返回值后添加后缀 -->
	       	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
       </bean>
       
</beans>

二、页面跳转

1、创建 WebContent/index.jsp 初始页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="index/welcome">欢迎</a>
</body>
</html>

2、创建 WebContent/views/welcome.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
		欢迎进入
</body>
</html>

3、创建控制跳转类，类中的 @RequestMapping("/index") 与方法中的 @RequestMapping("/welcome") 共同组成 /index/welcome 与请求的路径的一致。所以进入 welcome() 方法。返回值 welcome ，但 springmvc.xml 中配置了视图解析器 InternalResourceViewResolver ，所以在返回值中拼接前缀与后缀：最终转发页面为：views/welcome.jsp

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/index")
public class WelcomeServlet {
	
	/**
	 * 跳转
	 * @return
	 */
    @RequestMapping("/welcome")
    public String welcome() {
        return "welcome";//默认使用转发方式跳转页面
    }
}

三、项目截图