Spring 注解 @Value和@PropertySource

Spring 注解 @Value和@PropertySource

一、@Value和@PropertySource

1、@Value

@Value注解：为属性赋值

赋值方式：

• 基本数值
• SpEl表达式 #{}
• ${},读取配置文件[xxx.properties]中的值，配合注解@PropertySource使用

@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Value {

   /**
    * The actual value expression such as <code>#{systemProperties.myProp}</code>
    * or property placeholder such as <code>${my.app.myProp}</code>.
    */
   String value();

}

2、@PropertySource

@PropertySource：读取外部配置文件中的key-value保存到运行的环境变量中

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Repeatable(PropertySources.class)
public @interface PropertySource {

   String name() default "";

   String[] value();

   boolean ignoreResourceNotFound() default false;

   String encoding() default "";


   Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factory() default PropertySourceFactory.class;

}

二、@Value和@PropertySource案例

1、项目结构

2、Person

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Person {

    /**
     * @Value赋值方式1：基本数值
     */
    @Value("张三")
    private String name;

    /**
     * @Value赋值方式2：SpEl表达式  #{}
     */
    @Value("#{ 20-2 }")
    private int age;

    /**
     * @Value赋值方式3：${},读取配置文件[xxx.properties]中的值
     */
    @Value("${person.phone}")
    private String phone;


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3、配置类

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

/**
 * 使用@PropertySource注解可以读取外部配置文件中的key-value保存到运行的环境变量中
 */
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:/person.properties"},encoding = "UTF-8")
@ComponentScan({"com.dashu"})
@Configuration
public class BeanConfig {
}

4、外部文件person.properties

person.phone = 11111111

5、测试类

import com.dashu.bean.Person;
import com.dashu.config.BeanConfig;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //加载配置类获取容器
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);

        //容器中获取Person
        Person person = annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(Person.class);

        //打印
        System.out.println(person);

        System.out.println("--------------------");

        /**
         * 获取运行时环境实例
         */
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = annotationConfigApplicationContext.getEnvironment();

        /**
         * 根据外部文件的key，从环境中获取value
         */
        String property = environment.getProperty("person.phone");

        //打印
        System.out.println(property);

    }

}

6、测试结果