rman备份恢复命令之switch

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-10 15:08:28 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-12-10 15:08:28 发布
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分类专栏： Oracle & RMAN 文章标签： oracle 数据库
原文链接：https://blog.51cto.com/jiujian/1140329
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文章目录

一、 switch 命令

1. switch命令用途

更新数据文件名为rman下镜像拷贝时指定的数据文件名
更新数据文件名为 set newname 命令指定的名字。

2. switch 命令使用前提条件

rman 必须连接到目标数据库
当switch tablespaces、datafiles、tempfiles时，这些文件必须离线
当switch 整个数据库时，数据库不能open

3. 注意事项

switch…to copy 命令用于rman命令提示符下
switch没有to copy的命令用于run语句块中

4. 语法

第一组

switch dtabase to copy;
switch datafile number|name to copy;
switch tablespace name to copy;

第二组

switch datafile all;
switch datafile number|name;
switch tempfile all;

二、 举例

例一：用switch datafile number to copy 更新数据文件位置和名字

RMAN> backup as copy datafile 8 format '/oracle/CRM/test.dbf';

Starting backup at 2013-02-22 10:06:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00008 name=/backup/test.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test.dbf tag=TAG20130222T100621 RECID=14 STAMP=808049181
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-02-22 10:06:22

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 10:06:22
piece handle=/backup/c-3599153036-20130222-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 10:06:25

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace test offline';

sql statement: alter tablespace test offline

RMAN> switch datafile 8 to copy;

datafile 8 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test.dbf”

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name CRM

List of Permanent Datafiles

File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name

1 750 SYSTEM *** /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
2 540 SYSAUX *** /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
3 100 UNDOTBS3 *** /oracle/CRM/undotbs3.dbf
4 1742 USERS *** /backup/users01.dbf
5 500 POS *** /oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
6 100 ERP *** /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
7 5 USER01 *** /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
8 0 TEST *** /oracle/CRM/test.dbf

List of Temporary Files
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name

1 218 TEMP 32767 /oracle/CRM/temp01.dbf
2 3072 MYNEWTEMP 40960 /oracle/CRM/newtemp.dbf

例二：用switch tablespace name to copy更新表空间所有数据文件位置和名字

RMAN> backup as copy tablespace pos format '/oracle/%N%f.dbf';
（%N为表空间名、%f为数据文件绝对文件号）

Starting backup at 2013-02-22 10:55:49
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/CRM/pos.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf
output file name=/oracle/POS9.dbf tag=TAG20130222T105549 RECID=18 STAMP=808052153
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
output file name=/oracle/POS5.dbf tag=TAG20130222T105549 RECID=19 STAMP=808052179
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished backup at 2013-02-22 10:56:25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 10:56:25
piece handle=/backup/c-3599153036-20130222-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 10:56:28

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace pos offline';

sql statement: alter tablespace pos offline

RMAN> switch tablespace pos to copy;

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/POS5.dbf”
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/POS9.dbf”

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name CRM

List of Permanent Datafiles

File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name

1 750 SYSTEM *** /oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
2 540 SYSAUX *** /oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
3 100 UNDOTBS3 *** /oracle/CRM/undotbs3.dbf
4 1742 USERS *** /backup/users01.dbf
5 0 POS *** /oracle/POS5.dbf
6 100 ERP *** /oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
7 5 USER01 *** /oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
8 0 TEST *** /oracle/CRM/test.dbf
9 0 POS *** /oracle/POS9.dbf

List of Temporary Files

File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name

1 218 TEMP 32767 /oracle/CRM/temp01.dbf
2 3072 MYNEWTEMP 40960 /oracle/CRM/newtemp.dbf

例三：用switch dtabase to copy更新数据库所有数据文件位置和名字

RMAN> backup as copy database format '/oracle/CRM/test/%N%f.dbf';

Starting backup at 2013-02-22 11:26:52
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=129 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=192 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/backup/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/CRM/system01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/SYSTEM1.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=52 STAMP=808054107
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:41
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/CRM/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/USERS4.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=53 STAMP=808054182
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:54
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/POS5.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/SYSAUX2.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=54 STAMP=808054193
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:11
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/CRM/undotbs3.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/UNDOTBS33.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=55 STAMP=808054203
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/CRM/erp.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/ERP6.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=56 STAMP=808054230
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oracle/POS9.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=57 STAMP=808054247
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:58
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oracle/CRM/user01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=58 STAMP=808054247
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/CRM/test.dbf
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/USER017.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=59 STAMP=808054250
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
output file name=/oracle/CRM/test/TEST8.dbf tag=TAG20130222T112653 RECID=60 STAMP=808054250
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-02-22 11:30:51

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 11:30:51
piece handle=/backup/c-3599153036-20130222-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013-02-22 11:30:59

RMAN> switch database to copy;

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/SYSTEM1.dbf”
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/SYSAUX2.dbf”
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/UNDOTBS33.dbf”
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/USERS4.dbf”
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf”
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/ERP6.dbf”
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/USER017.dbf”
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/TEST8.dbf”
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy “/oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf”

RMAN> sql 'alter database open';

sql statement: alter database open

SQL> select file#,name,status from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME STATUS

 1 /oracle/CRM/test/SYSTEM1.dbf       SYSTEM
 2 /oracle/CRM/test/SYSAUX2.dbf       ONLINE
 3 /oracle/CRM/test/UNDOTBS33.dbf      ONLINE
 4 /oracle/CRM/test/USERS4.dbf       ONLINE
 5 /oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf        ONLINE
 6 /oracle/CRM/test/ERP6.dbf        ONLINE
 7 /oracle/CRM/test/USER017.dbf       ONLINE
 8 /oracle/CRM/test/TEST8.dbf        ONLINE
 9 /oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf        ONLINE

例四：用switch tempfile all更新所有临时数据文件位置和名字

SQL> select file#,name,status from v$tempfile;

FILE# NAME STATUS

1 /oracle/CRM/temp01.dbf ONLINE
2 /oracle/CRM/newtemp.dbf ONLINE

语句如下：

startup force mount
run{
set newname for tempfile 1 to '/oracle/CRM/test/temp01.dbf';
set newname for tempfile 2 to '/oracle/CRM/test/temp02.dbf';
switch tempfile all;
alter database open;
}

执行过程如下：

RMAN> startup force mount

run{
set newname for tempfile 1 to '/oracle/CRM/test/temp01.dbf';
set newname for tempfile 2 to '/oracle/CRM/test/temp02.dbf';
switch tempfile all;
alter database open;
}

Oracle instance started
database mounted

Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes

Fixed Size 2226072 bytes
Variable Size 1006635112 bytes
Database Buffers 234881024 bytes
Redo Buffers 8921088 bytes

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /oracle/CRM/test/temp01.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 2 to /oracle/CRM/test/temp02.dbf in control file

database opened

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name CRM

List of Permanent Datafiles

File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name

1 750 SYSTEM *** /oracle/CRM/test/SYSTEM1.dbf
2 540 SYSAUX *** /oracle/CRM/test/SYSAUX2.dbf
3 100 UNDOTBS3 *** /oracle/CRM/test/UNDOTBS33.dbf
4 1742 USERS *** /oracle/CRM/test/USERS4.dbf
5 500 POS *** /oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf
6 100 ERP *** /oracle/CRM/test/ERP6.dbf
7 5 USER01 *** /oracle/CRM/test/USER017.dbf
8 1 TEST *** /oracle/CRM/test/TEST8.dbf
9 10 POS *** /oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf

List of Temporary Files

File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name

1 218 TEMP 32767 /oracle/CRM/test/temp01.dbf
2 3072 MYNEWTEMP 40960 /oracle/CRM/test/temp02.dbf

例五：用switch datafile all更新表空间所有数据位置和名字

语句：

run{
sql 'alter tablespace pos offline immediate';
set newname for datafile '/oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf' to '/oracle/CRM/pos1.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf' to '/oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf';
restore tablespace pos;
switch datafile all;
recover tablespace pos;
sql 'alter tablespace pos online';
}

执行过程如下：

RMAN> run{
2> sql 'alter tablespace pos offline immediate';
3> set newname for datafile '/oracle/CRM/test/POS5.dbf' to '/oracle/CRM/pos1.dbf';
4> set newname for datafile '/oracle/CRM/test/POS9.dbf' to '/oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf';
5> restore tablespace pos;
6> switch datafile all;
7> recover tablespace pos;
8> sql 'alter tablespace pos online';
9> }

sql statement: alter tablespace pos offline immediate

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 2013-02-22 15:18:37
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /oracle/CRM/pos1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/20130222_hho2k7jn_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/20130222_hho2k7jn_1_1 tag=TAG20130222T145756
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 2013-02-22 15:19:03

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=72 STAMP=808067944 file name=/oracle/CRM/pos1.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=73 STAMP=808067944 file name=/oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf

Starting recover at 2013-02-22 15:19:04
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 2013-02-22 15:19:05

sql statement: alter tablespace pos online

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name CRM

List of Permanent Datafiles

File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name

1 750 SYSTEM *** /oracle/CRM/test/SYSTEM1.dbf
2 540 SYSAUX *** /oracle/CRM/test/SYSAUX2.dbf
3 100 UNDOTBS3 *** /oracle/CRM/test/UNDOTBS33.dbf
4 1742 USERS *** /oracle/CRM/test/USERS4.dbf
5 500 POS *** /oracle/CRM/pos1.dbf
6 100 ERP *** /oracle/CRM/test/ERP6.dbf
7 5 USER01 *** /oracle/CRM/test/USER017.dbf
8 1 TEST *** /oracle/CRM/test/TEST8.dbf
9 10 POS *** /oracle/CRM/pos2.dbf

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Oracle Database 11g RMAN备份与恢复
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Oracle Database 11g RMAN备份与恢复是一种备份和恢复数据库的方法，利用Oracle Recovery Manager（RMAN）工具进行操作。RMAN是Oracle官方提供的备份和恢复工具，可以实现灵活、高效的备份和恢复操作。 下面是使用RMAN进行备份和恢复的基本步骤： 1.创建RMAN备份脚本 在备份之前，需要创建一个RMAN备份脚本，其中包括备份类型、备份集、备份文件位置、备份策略等信息。可以使用RMAN的命令行工具或图形化界面创建脚本。 2.执行RMAN备份 执行RMAN备份脚本，将数据库数据备份到指定位置。备份可以是完整备份、增量备份或归档日志备份，具体备份类型根据需求而定。 3.测试恢复 在备份完成后，需要进行恢复测试，以确保备份文件可用且恢复操作正确。可以使用RMAN的恢复命令进行测试恢复。 4.执行RMAN恢复 如果需要恢复数据库，可以使用RMAN的恢复命令将备份文件恢复到指定位置。恢复可以是完整恢复、部分恢复或点恢复，具体恢复类型根据需求而定。 总之，使用RMAN进行备份和恢复可以有效保护数据库数据，提高数据库的可用性和稳定性。

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