MYSQL 行转列

建表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score;

CREATE TABLE tb_score(
    id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
    userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
    subject VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '科目',
    score DOUBLE COMMENT '成绩',
    PRIMARY KEY(id)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据

INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','语文',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','数学',92);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','英语',80);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','语文',88);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','数学',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','英语',75.5);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','语文',70);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','数学',85);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','英语',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','政治',82);

查询数据表中的内容（即转换前的结果）

SELECT * FROM tb_score

先来看一下转换后的结果：

1、使用case…when…then 进行行转列

SELECT userid,
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '语文',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '数学',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '英语',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '政治' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '政治' 
FROM tb_score 
GROUP BY userid

2、使用IF() 进行行转列：

SELECT userid,
SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) as '语文',
SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) as '数学',
SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) as '英语',
SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) as '政治' 
FROM tb_score 
GROUP BY userid

参考文档
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoxi/p/7151433.html