目录
string基本概念
**本质**:
string 是c ++风格的字符串,是一个类对象
strings are objects that represent sequences of characters.
**特点**:
string管理char* 分配的内存空间,不用考虑越界.
封装了许多内部成员方法.
string 构造函数
/*
(1)default string();
(2)copy string (const string& str);
(3)substring string (const string& str, size_t pos, size_t len = npos);
(4)from c-string string (const char* s);
(5)from buffer string (const char* s, size_t n);
(6)fill string (size_t n, char c);
size_t is an unsigned integral type.
*/
string s0 ("Initial string");
// constructors used in the same order as described above:
string s1;
string s2 (s0);
string s3 (s0, 8, 3);
string s4 ("A character sequence");
string s5 ("Another character sequence", 12);
string s6 (10, 'x');
s1:
s2: Initial string
s3: str
s4: A character sequence
s5: Another char
s6: xxxxxxxxxx
string 赋值操作
使用operator=()
/*
(1)string string& operator= (const string& str);
(2)c-string string& operator= (const char* s);
(3)character string& operator= (char c);
*/
str1 = "Test string: "; // c-string
str2 = 'x'; // single character
str3 = str1 + str2; // string
使用assign()
/*
(1)string string& assign (const string& str);
(2)substring string& assign (const string& str, size_t subpos, size_t sublen);
(3)c-string string& assign (const char* s);
(4)buffer string& assign (const char* s, size_t n);
(5)fill string& assign (size_t n, char c);
*/
string str;
string base="The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.";
// used in the same order as described above:
str.assign(base);
str.assign(base,10,9); // "brown fox"
str.assign("c-string"); // "c-string"
str.assign("pangrams are cool",7);// "pangram"
str.assign(10,'*'); // "**********"
string 字符串拼接(质变操作)
使用operator+=
/*
(1)string string& operator+= (const string& str);
(2)c-string string& operator+= (const char* s);
(3)character string& operator+= (char c);
*/
string name ("John");
string family ("Smith");
name += " K. "; // c-string
name += family; // string
name += '\n'; // character
//name = John K. Smith
使用append
/*
(1)string string& append (const string& str);
(2)substring string& append (const string& str, size_t subpos, size_t sublen);
(3)buffer string& append (const char* s, size_t n);
(4)c-string string& append (const char* s);
(5)fill string& append (size_t n, char c);
*/
string str;
string str2="Writing ";
string str3="print 10 and then 5 more";
// used in the same order as described above:
str.append(str2); // "Writing "
str.append(str3,6,3); // "10 "
str.append("dots are cool",5); // "dots "
str.append("here: "); // "here: "
str.append(10u,'.'); // ".........."
//str = Writing 10 dots here: ..........
string 查找与替换
使用find()与rfind()
/*
(1)string size_t find (const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const noexcept;
(2)c-string size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const;
(3)buffer size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos, size_type n) const;
(4)character size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const noexcept;
*/
string str="abcdefgde";
int pos = str.find("de"); //3
int pos=str.find("dg") //-1
int pos=str.rfind("de"); //7
//在str中将str2替换成为"preposition"
//str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition");
使用replace()
/*
(1)string string& replace (size_t pos,size_t len,const string& str);
(2)substring string& replace (size_t pos,size_t len,const string& str,size_t subpos, size_t sublen);
(3)fill string& replace (size_t pos,size_t len,size_t n, char c);
*/
string str="abcdefg";
//从1号字符起,3个字符替换为1111
str.replace(1,3,"1111");
//str = a1111efg
总结:
- find查找是从左往右,rfind是从右往左
- find找到字符串后返回查找的第一个字符位置,找不到返回-1
- replace替换,指定从哪个位置开始,多少个字符,替换成什么样的字符串
string 字符串比较
/*
(1)string int compare (const string& str) const noexcept;
(2)substrings int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const;
(3)substrings int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str,size_t subpos, size_t sublen) const;
*/
string str1="hello";
string str2="hello";
if(str1.compare(str2)==0){}//等于
if(str1.compare(str2) > 0){}//大于
if(str1.compare(str2) < 0){}//小于
string 字符存取
/*
char& operator[] (size_t pos);
const char& operator[] (size_t pos) const;
*/
string str ("Test string");
for (int i=0; i<str.length(); ++i) //str.size()
{
cout << str[i];
//cout << str.at(i); 取
//str[0]="q"; 存
}
string 插入与删除
/*
(1) string string& insert (size_t pos, const string& str);
(2)substring string& insert (size_t pos, const string& str, size_t subpos, size_t sublen);
(3)c-string string& insert (size_t pos, const char* s);
(4)buffer string& insert (size_t pos, const char* s, size_t n);
(5)fill string& insert (size_t pos, size_t n, char c);
*/
string str = "hello";
str.insert(1,"111"); //h111ello
/*
(1)sequence string& erase (size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);
*/
str.erase(1,3); //hello
string 字串
/*
string substr (size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos) const;
*/
string str="abcdef";
str.substr(1,3); //bcd
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