二、虚函数及虚函数表的具体验证

1.如果子类中存在与父类中的虚函数同名的函数(无论此函数是否为虚函数)，则子类的函数将隐覆盖所有父类的同名函数，存在虚函数表中。

2.所有的父类均各自存在一个虚函数表。

3.子类的虚函数(不与父类重名的函数)，将会继续往第一个父类(如果是多重继承的话)虚函数表中增加虚函数，即子类的虚函数没有独立的虚函数表，是将虚函数放在了一个继承的父类虚函数表中。

4.假如子类存在三个父类，则地址空间中先排布第一个父类的虚函数表的地址，然后是第一个父类的成员变量；再排布第二个父类的虚函数表的地址及成员变量；再是第三个。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base1

{

private:

    int Base1_a;

    int Base1_b;

    int Base1_c;

public:

    Base1() :Base1_a(1), Base1_b(2), Base1_c(3) {}

    virtual void f() { cout << "Base1::f" << endl; }

    virtual void g() { cout << "Base1::g" << endl; }

    virtual void h() { cout << "Base1::h" << endl; }

};

class Base2

{

private:

    int Base2_a;

    int Base2_b;

    int Base2_c;

public:

    Base2() :Base2_a(4), Base2_b(5), Base2_c(6) {}

    virtual void f() { cout << "Base2::f" << endl; }

    virtual void g() { cout << "Base2::g" << endl; }

    virtual void h() { cout << "Base2::h" << endl; }

};

class Base3

{

private:

    int Base3_a;

    int Base3_b;

    int Base3_c;   

public:

    Base3() :Base3_a(7), Base3_b(8), Base3_c(9) {}

    virtual void f() { cout << "Base3::f" << endl; }

    virtual void g() { cout << "Base3::g" << endl; }

    virtual void h() { cout << "Base3::h" << endl; }

};

class Derive : public Base1, public Base2, public Base3

{

private:

    int Derive_a;

    int Derive_b;

    int Derive_c;

public:

    Derive(): Derive_a(10), Derive_b(11), Derive_c(12) {}

    virtual void Derive_f() { cout << "Derive::f" << endl; }

    virtual void Derive_g() { cout << "Derive::g" << endl; }

};

typedef void(*Fun)(void);

int main()

{

    Fun pFun = NULL;

    Derive d;

    int* FstPtr = (int*)&d;

    int offset = 0;

    //cout << "Base1 virtual function table address = 0x" << hex << *FstPtr << endl;

    offset = 0;

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr+ offset)) + 0);

    pFun();//Base1_f

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 1);

    pFun();//Base1_g

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 2);

    pFun();//Base1_h

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 3);

    pFun();//Derive_f

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 4);

    pFun();//Derive_g

    cout << "Base1_a = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 1) << endl;

    cout << "Base1_b = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 2) << endl;

    cout << "Base1_c = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 3) << endl;   

    //cout << "sizeof(Base1) = " << sizeof(Base1)/sizeof(int) << endl;

    offset = sizeof(Base1) / sizeof(int);

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr+ offset)) + 0);

    pFun();//Base2_f

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 1);

    pFun();//Base2_g

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 2);

    pFun();//Base2_h

    cout << "Base2_a = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 1) << endl;

    cout << "Base2_b = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 2) << endl;

    cout << "Base2_c = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 3) << endl;

    //cout << "sizeof(Base1) + sizeof(Base2)= " << (sizeof(Base1) + sizeof(Base2)) / sizeof(int) << endl;

    offset = (sizeof(Base1) + sizeof(Base2)) / sizeof(int);

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 0);

    pFun();//Base3_f

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 1);

    pFun();//Base3_g

    pFun = (Fun) * ((int*)(*(FstPtr + offset)) + 2);

    pFun();//Base3_h

    cout << "Base3_a = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 1) << endl;

    cout << "Base3_b = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 2) << endl;

    cout << "Base3_c = " << *((FstPtr + offset) + 3) << endl;

    offset = (sizeof(Base1) + sizeof(Base2) + sizeof(Base3)) / sizeof(int);

    cout << "Derive_a = 0x" << hex << *((FstPtr + offset) + 0) << endl;

    cout << "Derive_b = 0x" << hex << *((FstPtr + offset) + 1) << endl;

    cout << "Derive_c = 0x" << hex << *((FstPtr + offset) + 2) << endl;

    return 0;

}

上述代码在VS中的具体执行结果为：

内存中的排布为：

函数表的结果为：