使用经典密码算法DES,RSA,SHA-1对字符串进行加解密

本文详细介绍了三种常见的加密算法:DES、RSA和SHA-1。首先,展示了DES算法的加密和解密过程,然后讲解了RSA非对称加密的实现,包括密钥对的生成、加密和解密。最后,深入探讨了SHA-1哈希算法的摘要计算步骤,提供了一个完整的SHA-1实现示例。这些内容对于理解信息安全和数据加密至关重要。
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1、DES算法

import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class DES {
	public static byte[] initKey() throws Exception {
	    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
	    keyGenerator.init(56); // 56 可填可不填
	    SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
	    return secretKey.getEncoded();
	}
	public static byte[] encryptDES(byte[] key, byte[] data) throws Exception {
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] resultBytes = cipher.doFinal(data);
        return resultBytes;

    }
	public static String decryptDES(byte[] key, byte[] data) throws Exception {
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
        //Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] resultBytes = cipher.doFinal(data);
        return new String(resultBytes);
    }
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		System.out.print("请输入要加密的内容:");
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		String data = scan.next();
        byte[] key = initKey();
        byte[] resultBytes = encryptDES(key, data.getBytes());
        String resultString = byteToHexString(resultBytes);
        System.out.println(resultString);
    }
	private static String byteToHexString(byte[] resultBytes) {
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(resultBytes.length);
	    String sTmp;
	    for (int i = 0; i < resultBytes.length; i++) {
	        sTmp = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & resultBytes[i]);
	        if (sTmp.length() < 2)
	            sb.append(0);
	        sb.append(sTmp.toUpperCase());
	    }
	    return sb.toString();
	}
}

2、RSA算法

package com.fknight.sbsmdemo.tools;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
public class RSAUtil {
    public static KeyPair getKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");    // 获得RSA密钥对的生成器实例
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()).getBytes("utf-8")); // 说的一个安全的随机数
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048, secureRandom);    // 这里可以是1024、2048 初始化一个密钥对
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();   // 获得密钥对
        return keyPair;
    }
    public static String getPublicKey(KeyPair keyPair){
        PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
        byte[] bytes = publicKey.getEncoded();
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
    }
    public static String getPrivateKey(KeyPair keyPair){
        PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
        byte[] bytes = privateKey.getEncoded();
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
    }
    public static PublicKey string2PublicKey(String pubStr) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(pubStr);
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        return publicKey;
    }
    public static PrivateKey string2Privatekey(String priStr) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(priStr);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        return privateKey;
    }
    public static byte[] publicEncrytype(byte[] content, PublicKey publicKey) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(content);
        return bytes;
    }
    public static byte[] privateDecrypt(byte[] content, PrivateKey privateKey) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(content);
        return bytes;
    }
}

package com.fknight.sbsmdemo.tools;
 
import java.security.*;
import java.util.Base64;
public class RSAUtilTest {
 
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String content = "20181422+郁文斌";   // 明文内容
        System.out.println("原始字符串是:" + content);
        try {
            // 获得密钥对
            KeyPair keyPair =  RSAUtil.getKeyPair();
            // 获得进行Base64 加密后的公钥和私钥 String
            String privateKeyStr = RSAUtil.getPrivateKey(keyPair);
            String publicKeyStr = RSAUtil.getPublicKey(keyPair);
            System.out.println("Base64处理后的私钥:" + privateKeyStr + "\n"
                + "Base64处理后的公钥:" + publicKeyStr);
 
            // 获得原始的公钥和私钥,并以字符串形式打印出来
            PrivateKey privateKey = RSAUtil.string2Privatekey(privateKeyStr);
            PublicKey publicKey = RSAUtil.string2PublicKey(publicKeyStr);
 
            // 公钥加密/私钥解密
            byte[] publicEncryBytes =  RSAUtil.publicEncrytype(content.getBytes(), publicKey);
            System.out.println("公钥加密后的字符串(经BASE64处理):" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(publicEncryBytes));
            byte[] privateDecryBytes = RSAUtil.privateDecrypt(publicEncryBytes, privateKey);
            System.out.println("私钥解密后的原始字符串:" + new String(privateDecryBytes));
 
            String privateDecryStr = new String(privateDecryBytes, "utf-8");
            if (content.equals(privateDecryStr)){
                System.out.println("测试通过!");
            }else {
                System.out.println("测试未通过!");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3、SHA-1算法计算摘要值

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SHA1 {
	private final int[] abcde = { 0x67452301, 0xefcdab89, 0x98badcfe,
			0x10325476, 0xc3d2e1f0 };
	// 摘要数据存储数组
	private int[] digestInt = new int[5];
	// 计算过程中的临时数据存储数组
	private int[] tmpData = new int[80];

	// 计算sha-1摘要
	private int process_input_bytes(byte[] bytedata) {
		// 初试化常量
		System.arraycopy(abcde, 0, digestInt, 0, abcde.length);
		// 格式化输入字节数组,补10及长度数据
		byte[] newbyte = byteArrayFormatData(bytedata);
		// 获取数据摘要计算的数据单元个数
		int MCount = newbyte.length / 64;
		// 循环对每个数据单元进行摘要计算
		for (int pos = 0; pos < MCount; pos++) {
			// 将每个单元的数据转换成16个整型数据,并保存到tmpData的前16个数组元素中
			for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
				tmpData[j] = byteArrayToInt(newbyte, (pos * 64) + (j * 4));
			}
			// 摘要计算函数
			encrypt();
		}
		return 20;
	}

	// 格式化输入字节数组格式
	private byte[] byteArrayFormatData(byte[] bytedata) {
		// 补0数量
		int zeros = 0;
		// 补位后总位数
		int size = 0;
		// 原始数据长度
		int n = bytedata.length;
		// 模64后的剩余位数
		int m = n % 64;
		// 计算添加0的个数以及添加10后的总长度
		if (m < 56) {
			zeros = 55 - m;
			size = n - m + 64;
		} else if (m == 56) {
			zeros = 63;
			size = n + 8 + 64;
		} else {
			zeros = 63 - m + 56;
			size = (n + 64) - m + 64;
		}
		// 补位后生成的新数组内容
		byte[] newbyte = new byte[size];
		// 复制数组的前面部分
		System.arraycopy(bytedata, 0, newbyte, 0, n);
		// 获得数组Append数据元素的位置
		int l = n;
		// 补1操作
		newbyte[l++] = (byte) 0x80;
		// 补0操作
		for (int i = 0; i < zeros; i++) {
			newbyte[l++] = (byte) 0x00;
		}
		// 计算数据长度,补数据长度位共8字节,长整型
		long N = (long) n * 8;
		byte h8 = (byte) (N & 0xFF);
		byte h7 = (byte) ((N >> 8) & 0xFF);
		byte h6 = (byte) ((N >> 16) & 0xFF);
		byte h5 = (byte) ((N >> 24) & 0xFF);
		byte h4 = (byte) ((N >> 32) & 0xFF);
		byte h3 = (byte) ((N >> 40) & 0xFF);
		byte h2 = (byte) ((N >> 48) & 0xFF);
		byte h1 = (byte) (N >> 56);
		newbyte[l++] = h1;
		newbyte[l++] = h2;
		newbyte[l++] = h3;
		newbyte[l++] = h4;
		newbyte[l++] = h5;
		newbyte[l++] = h6;
		newbyte[l++] = h7;
		newbyte[l++] = h8;
		return newbyte;
	}

	private int f1(int x, int y, int z) {
		return (x & y) | (~x & z);
	}

	private int f2(int x, int y, int z) {
		return x ^ y ^ z;
	}

	private int f3(int x, int y, int z) {
		return (x & y) | (x & z) | (y & z);
	}

	private int f4(int x, int y) {
		return (x << y) | x >>> (32 - y);
	}

	// 单元摘要计算函数
	private void encrypt() {
		for (int i = 16; i <= 79; i++) {
			tmpData[i] = f4(tmpData[i - 3] ^ tmpData[i - 8] ^ tmpData[i - 14]
					^ tmpData[i - 16], 1);
		}
		int[] tmpabcde = new int[5];
		for (int i1 = 0; i1 < tmpabcde.length; i1++) {
			tmpabcde[i1] = digestInt[i1];
		}
		for (int j = 0; j <= 19; j++) {
			int tmp = f4(tmpabcde[0], 5)
					+ f1(tmpabcde[1], tmpabcde[2], tmpabcde[3]) + tmpabcde[4]
					+ tmpData[j] + 0x5a827999;
			tmpabcde[4] = tmpabcde[3];
			tmpabcde[3] = tmpabcde[2];
			tmpabcde[2] = f4(tmpabcde[1], 30);
			tmpabcde[1] = tmpabcde[0];
			tmpabcde[0] = tmp;
		}
		for (int k = 20; k <= 39; k++) {
			int tmp = f4(tmpabcde[0], 5)
					+ f2(tmpabcde[1], tmpabcde[2], tmpabcde[3]) + tmpabcde[4]
					+ tmpData[k] + 0x6ed9eba1;
			tmpabcde[4] = tmpabcde[3];
			tmpabcde[3] = tmpabcde[2];
			tmpabcde[2] = f4(tmpabcde[1], 30);
			tmpabcde[1] = tmpabcde[0];
			tmpabcde[0] = tmp;
		}
		for (int l = 40; l <= 59; l++) {
			int tmp = f4(tmpabcde[0], 5)
					+ f3(tmpabcde[1], tmpabcde[2], tmpabcde[3]) + tmpabcde[4]
					+ tmpData[l] + 0x8f1bbcdc;
			tmpabcde[4] = tmpabcde[3];
			tmpabcde[3] = tmpabcde[2];
			tmpabcde[2] = f4(tmpabcde[1], 30);
			tmpabcde[1] = tmpabcde[0];
			tmpabcde[0] = tmp;
		}
		for (int m = 60; m <= 79; m++) {
			int tmp = f4(tmpabcde[0], 5)
					+ f2(tmpabcde[1], tmpabcde[2], tmpabcde[3]) + tmpabcde[4]
					+ tmpData[m] + 0xca62c1d6;
			tmpabcde[4] = tmpabcde[3];
			tmpabcde[3] = tmpabcde[2];
			tmpabcde[2] = f4(tmpabcde[1], 30);
			tmpabcde[1] = tmpabcde[0];
			tmpabcde[0] = tmp;
		}
		for (int i2 = 0; i2 < tmpabcde.length; i2++) {
			digestInt[i2] = digestInt[i2] + tmpabcde[i2];
		}
		for (int n = 0; n < tmpData.length; n++) {
			tmpData[n] = 0;
		}
	}

	// 4字节数组转换为整数
	private int byteArrayToInt(byte[] bytedata, int i) {
		return ((bytedata[i] & 0xff) << 24) | ((bytedata[i + 1] & 0xff) << 16)
				| ((bytedata[i + 2] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytedata[i + 3] & 0xff);
	}

	// 整数转换为4字节数组
	private void intToByteArray(int intValue, byte[] byteData, int i) {
		byteData[i] = (byte) (intValue >>> 24);
		byteData[i + 1] = (byte) (intValue >>> 16);
		byteData[i + 2] = (byte) (intValue >>> 8);
		byteData[i + 3] = (byte) intValue;
	}

	// 将字节转换为十六进制字符串
	private static String byteToHexString(byte ib) {
		char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A',
				'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
		char[] ob = new char[2];
		ob[0] = Digit[(ib >>> 4) & 0X0F];
		ob[1] = Digit[ib & 0X0F];
		String s = new String(ob);
		return s;
	}

	// 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
	private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytearray) {
		String strDigest = "";
		for (int i = 0; i < bytearray.length; i++) {
			strDigest += byteToHexString(bytearray[i]);
		}
		return strDigest;
	}

	// 计算sha-1摘要,返回相应的字节数组
	public byte[] getDigestOfBytes(byte[] byteData) {
		process_input_bytes(byteData);
		byte[] digest = new byte[20];
		for (int i = 0; i < digestInt.length; i++) {
			intToByteArray(digestInt[i], digest, i * 4);
		}
		return digest;
	}

	// 计算sha-1摘要,返回相应的十六进制字符串
	public String getDigestOfString(byte[] byteData) {
		return byteArrayToHexString(getDigestOfBytes(byteData));
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.print("请输入要加密的内容:");
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		String data = scan.next();
		String digest = new SHA1().getDigestOfString(data.getBytes());
		System.out.println(digest);
	}
}

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