js正则分组

本文转载于https://www.cnblogs.com/Vibge/p/9831953.html

js 正则表达式分组
正则表达式分组：通俗的就是正则表达式中（）包起来的内容表示一个分组

例如：

var reg = /^(\d{2})$/;
var asd = reg.test('12');
console.log(asd); //true

1、利用正则表达式优雅的表达重复的字符串

var reg2 = /^(SD)\d{4}(-\d{4}){3}$/;
console.log(reg2.test('SD0214-0000-0000-0000')); //true

例如：/^(ha){3}$/ 等同于 /^hahaha$/

2 、多个候选表达式

var reg3 = /^I come from (hunan|hubei|zhejiang)$/;
console.log(reg3.test('I come from hunan'));

3、分组的分类：捕获型();非捕获型(?:);正向前瞻性(?=);反向前瞻性(?!)

// 1、获取
var reg4 = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/
var data = '2018-10-17';
reg4.test(data);
console.log(RegExp.$1); // 输出 2018
console.log(RegExp.$2); // 输出 10
console.log(RegExp.$3); // 输出 17

// 2、结合replace方法做字符串自定义转换
var date2 = '2018/04/18';
var reg5  =/^(\d{4})\/(\d{2})\/(\d{2})$/;
var dateStr = date2.replace(reg5, '$1-$2-$3') //"2018-04-18";
console.log(dateStr); 

// 3、反向引用
var reg6 = /^(\w{3}) is \1$/;
console.log(reg6.test('kid is kid')); // true
console.log(reg6.test('kid is dik')); // false

// 如果越界或者编号不存在，则被解析为普通的表达式
var reg7 = /^(\w{3}) is \6$/;
console.log(reg7.test('kid is \6')); // true
console.log(reg7.test('kid is kid')); // false

// 4、非捕获型分组
var reg8 = /^(?:\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
var date3 = '2018-10-18';
reg8.test(date3);  //true
console.log(RegExp.$1); //10
console.log(RegExp.$2); //18
 
// 5、正向与反向前瞻性分组; 正向，站在原地往前看，如果前方是指定的东西就返回true，否则返回false
var reg9 = /^kid is a (?=boy)/;
console.log(reg9.test('kid is a boy')); // true
console.log(reg9.test('kid is a girl'));// false

//6、正向与反向前瞻性分组例子
let reg = /(?=o)/g
let str = 'hello world'
let s = str.replace(reg,'A')
console.log(s)    //输出hellAo wAorld

let reg = /l(?=o)/g
let str = 'hello world'
let s = str.replace(reg,'A')
console.log(s)     //输出helAo world

//反向前瞻型分组：你站在原地往前看，如果前方不是指定的东西则返回true，如果是则返回false
let reg = /(?!l)/g
let str = 'hello'
let s = str.replace(reg,'A')
console.log(s)    //输出AhAellAoA

let reg = /l(?!o)/g
let str = 'hello'
let s = str.replace(reg,'A')
console.log(s)    //输出heAlo